<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697</id><updated>2012-02-02T01:51:18.751Z</updated><category term='AA Gill'/><category term='Ralf Gjoni'/><category term='MJAFT'/><category term='Sunday Times'/><title type='text'>Ralf Gjoni - Articles and Thoughts</title><subtitle type='html'>on current EU and Transatlantic issues. Particular attention is paid to the Balkans.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>27</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-183037100416698252</id><published>2011-10-29T18:39:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T18:41:11.988+01:00</updated><title type='text'>L’Albanie tente de redorer son image auprès des investisseurs</title><content type='html'>Les responsables français et albanais appellent les entreprises à investir dans ce pays. Pourtant, l'Albanie pourrait voir son avenir européen ralenti dans les prochains mois si elle ne résout pas sa crise politique interne.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le gouvernement français recommande aux entreprises d'investir en Albanie. A l’occasion d’une rencontre le 26 mai organisée par Ubifrance, la secrétaire d’état au Commerce extérieur Anne-Marie Idrac s’est livrée à un véritable plaidoyer en faveur de ce pays. « Je vous recommande l’Albanie. […] Les entreprises françaises y sont satisfaites et le pays est en plein essor », a-t-elle déclaré devant un parterre de représentants d’entreprises. Le ton parmi les intervenants était tout aussi unanime : l’Albanie souffre d’une mauvaise image qui ne correspond pas à la réalité. Au contraire, les entreprises françaises gagneraient à investir un marché peu occupé par elles jusqu'à présent. Un discours que les entrepreneurs déjà implantés sur place adoptent également. Le directeur général de la Société générale en Albanie, Hubert de Saint-Jean estime par exemple que l’environnement y est propice aux affaires. Il est vrai que les indicateurs économiques de l’Albanie sont particulièrement bons, malgré la crise. Le pays a enregistré 2,8% de croissance en 2009 selon le FMI. Il est l'un des seuls pays européens à avoir eu une croissance positive l'année dernière et elle devrait atteindre 2,3% en 2010. L’économie du pays est donc stable même si l’Albanie possède un taux de chômage élevé, autour de 20%. Le potentiel économique de certains secteurs comme le tourisme ou l’énergie et les infrastructures possèdent en outre un fort potentiel de développement. Interrogé par EurActiv.fr, l’économiste Nebojsa Vukadinovic, spécialiste des Balkans, admet le potentiel économique du pays mais précise qu’il est difficile de s’implanter dans le pays si l’on ne possède pas de relais locaux. En outre, l’Etat peine à se consolider et souffre d’un problème de « capacity-building ». Lors de la conférence, Jean-Louis Daudier de la Coface a également rappelé que si le pays avait fait de nombreux progrès, il restait classé avant-dernier selon l’échelle de la Coface en raison de ses faiblesses structurelles. Une note contestée par le président de l’association pour les investisseurs étrangers en Albanie Patrick Pascal selon lequel cette note ne reflète pas la réalité du pays qui souffrirait d’une mauvaise image. S’il admet que la corruption existe, elle n’est « pas pire qu’ailleurs », a-t-il ajouté. De son côté le gouvernement albanais fait tout pour attirer les investisseurs. Le ministre de l’économie du pays Dritan Prifti, invité de la conférence, a notamment évoqué l’instauration d'une taxe à taux fixe à 10%. Crise politique Autant dire que ces discours contrastent avec la crise politique qui secoue le pays depuis juin 2009. L’opposition socialiste albanaise conteste toujours le résultat des élections et accuse le gouvernement de fraudes. Ce parti, qui contrôle encore presque la moitié des sièges au parlement, a boycotté l'assemblée depuis des mois, empêchant l'adoption des lois, et notamment des nombreux textes nécessaires pour adapter la législation du pays à celle de l'UE. Interrogé par EurActiv.fr, le ministre de l’économie refuse de parler de crise et accuse à son tour l’opposition « d’être le principal problème du pays » et « de créer une crise artificielle irresponsable qui fera du mal à l’Albanie ». Il justifie la victoire de son camp par le rapport de l’OSCE selon lequel les élections se sont déroulées sans « irrégularités majeures ». Le texte ajoute d’ailleurs que l’Albanie avait effectué « des progrès tangibles ». La situation inquiète néanmoins l’UE. Le 20 mai, les chefs des deux principaux groupes politiques du Parlement européen, Joseph Daul (PPE) et Martin Schulz (S&amp;D) ont exprimé dans une lettre leurs inquiétudes sur la situation politique en Albanie alors que l'UE commence à examiner la candidature du pays dans le but de lui octroyer le statut de candidat officiel. Mettant la pression sur les deux camps, les eurodéputés ont averti que cette dispute pourrait conduire à la suspension du processus d'adhésion – une situation qui serait inédite dans l’histoire de l’UE. Ces problèmes n’ont à aucun moment été évoqué par le chef de la mission économique française à Sofia Philippe Chatignoux présent lors de la conférence. Il a d'ailleurs estimé que l’Albanie avait une « autoroute » devant elle vers l’UE et que sa perspective européenne « était très claire, et ce bien plus que les autres pays de la région ». Dans son dernier rapport sur l'Albanie, la Commission européenne a rappelé à Tirana les efforts qu'il lui reste à faire, en particulier dans les domaines de la lutte contre la corruption, la primauté du droit et du fonctionnement des institutions de l'Etat. Marek Kubista&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Source : http://www.euractiv.fr/elargissement-0/article/2010/05/27/albanie-tente-redorer-son-image-aupres-des-investisseurs_68184&lt;br /&gt;Copyright © EurActiv.fr&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-183037100416698252?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/183037100416698252/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=183037100416698252' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/183037100416698252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/183037100416698252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/lalbanie-tente-de-redorer-son-image.html' title='L’Albanie tente de redorer son image auprès des investisseurs'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-1412930501280826945</id><published>2011-10-29T18:30:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T18:37:20.439+01:00</updated><title type='text'>2010: The year of Europe in Albania?</title><content type='html'>http://www.euractiv.com/enlargement/2010-year-europe-albania-news-426135 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A spokesperson for the Albanian foreign ministry, Ralf Gjoni, and Albanian Ambassador to France Ylljet Aliçka have affirmed that European integration remains a top priority for their country. EurActiv France reports.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2010 could be the year of Europe in Albania: the country could obtain official EU candidate status and enter the visa liberalisation process. This represents a quick evolution for a country that was in a much worse state than its Balkan neighbours after the fall of its communist dictatorship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking at a conference in Paris on 30 March, Albanian Ambassador to France Ylljet Aliçka declared that European integration is an ''absolute priority'' for Albania.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, Tirana's progress will depend on its ability to solve the internal political crisis. EU Enlargement Commissioner Stefan Füle recently expressed his ''concern about the stability of democratic institutions and the lack of political dialogue in the parliament''.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Following the June 2009 legislative elections, the socialist opposition party boycotted the parliament for months and contests the re-election of conservative Prime Minister Sali Berisha.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A spokesperson for the Albanian foreign ministry, Ralf Gjoni, admitted that ''the boycott is not helping Albania move towards the EU''. Rejecting the term 'political crisis', he said that the opposition party must respect the outcome of the elections. He also stressed that the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE) found that the poll had no ''major irregularities'' and that Albania had made ''real progress''.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When questioned about the fight against the mafia, Gjoni claimed that Albania merely has an ''image problem''. ''There are criminals everywhere […] I feel safer in Tirana than I do in London," he added. In its last report on Albania, the Commission reminded Tirana of the work still to be done – particularly concerning the fight against corruption, the rule of law and the functioning of state institutions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visa liberalisation&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although it was excluded from the first phase of the EU's visa liberalisation process, Albania could be allowed to join the scheme this year. Foreign ministry spokesperson Gjoni is hopeful of ''a positive decision in 2010'', insisting that ''Albania has fulfilled all the technical criteria''. The Commission recently sent a mission to verify that the necessary criteria have been respected and is expected to make an announcement soon.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''For Albanian citizens, the EU means freedom of movement," affirmed Gjoni. He even said that citizens do not differentiate between this process and that of EU integration. The liberalisation of visas is keenly awaited in Albania – its citizens are eager to be able to move around freely following many years of isolation, he added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When asked about 'enlargement fatigue' among European citizens, Gjoni recognised that a feeling of fear may exist but said that it is unjustified. On the contrary, he believes that ''Albania is not a risk but a contribution'' for Europe and that ''it is in the interest of Brussels to have Albania within the EU rather than outside''.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-1412930501280826945?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/1412930501280826945/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=1412930501280826945' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/1412930501280826945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/1412930501280826945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/2010-year-of-europe-in-albania.html' title='2010: The year of Europe in Albania?'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-646776267272805031</id><published>2011-10-29T18:24:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T18:30:44.007+01:00</updated><title type='text'>L’Albanie frappe de nouveau à la porte de l'Union européenne</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.rfi.fr/sites/filesrfi/dynimagecache/97/25/417/312/344/257/sites/images.rfi.fr/files/aef_image/Ralf_Gjoni_CAPE_0_0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 343px; height: 257px;" src="http://www.rfi.fr/sites/filesrfi/dynimagecache/97/25/417/312/344/257/sites/images.rfi.fr/files/aef_image/Ralf_Gjoni_CAPE_0_0.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Albanie / Union Européenne - &lt;br /&gt;Article publié le : mercredi 31 mars 2010 - Dernière modification le : mercredi 31 mars 2010&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Par Artan Kutra &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L’Albanie s'apprête à franchir une nouvelle étape dans sa demande d'intégrer l'Union européenne, en répondant à un « questionnaire d'adhésion ». Ce rapprochement avec l'UE est une priorité, a estimé le porte-parole du ministère albanais des Affaires étrangères, le 30 mars, à Paris. Dans ce contexte,  Tirana cherche à montrer l'image d'une diplomatie, notamment vis-à-vis de la Serbie. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;« L’objectif immédiat de la politique de mon pays est d’intégrer l’Union européenne le plus vite possible », a déclaré, le porte parole du ministère des Affaires étrangères albanais, Ralf Gjoni, mardi 30 mars, à l’occasion d’une visite à Paris.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'Albanie doit remettre, le mois prochain, à la Commission européenne ses réponses au questionnaire d'adhésion, en vue d'obtenir le statut de candidat officiel à l'Union européenne.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans son dernier rapport, la Commission pointait les défaillances de l'Albanie dans la lutte contre la corruption, le respect du droit et le fonctionnement des institutions. Et cela constituait un frein à une éventuelle adhésion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni a évoqué également la demande de levée des restrictions sur les visas pour les citoyens albanais, à l’instar des habitants de la Serbie, du Monténégro et de la Macédoine, pays pour lesquels ces restrictions ont été levées en décembre dernier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rapprochement avec la Serbie&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sur la politique de voisinage dans les Balkans, le diplomate albanais a souligné que les relations entre l’Albanie et la Serbie s’améliorent, après de longues années de défiance réciproques, en grande partie à cause de l’indépendance du Kosovo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;« Ces deux pays partagent un même objectif : l’intégration européenne », a-t-il martelé. Signe de cette détente, a-t-il ajouté, le ministre des Affaires étrangères de l’Albanie, Ilir Meta, a fait récemment une visite « exceptionnelle » à Belgrade, au cours de laquelle il s’est entretenu avec le président serbe Boris Tadiç. Il était le premier ministre des Affaires étrangères albanais à se rendre dans la capitale serbe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selon Ralf Gjoni, les deux dirigeants se sont dits convaincus qu’il s’agit d’un « nouveau départ dans les relations entre l’Albanie et la Serbie ».&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De meilleures relations entre Tirana et Belgrade sont essentielles pour l’ensemble de la région. L’Albanie et la Serbie veulent toutes deux intégrer l’Union européenne. Le principal différend entre ces deux pays -il est de taille - c’est le Kosovo, dont Belgrade ne veut pas reconnaître l’indépendance.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-646776267272805031?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/646776267272805031/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=646776267272805031' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/646776267272805031'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/646776267272805031'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/lalbanie-frappe-de-nouveau-la-porte-de.html' title='L’Albanie frappe de nouveau à la porte de l&apos;Union européenne'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-5343733097215964933</id><published>2011-10-29T18:13:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T18:23:54.008+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='MJAFT'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ralf Gjoni'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sunday Times'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AA Gill'/><title type='text'>Gill in new racism row over ‘ferret-faced’ Albanians jibe</title><content type='html'>By the PRESS GAZETTE&lt;br /&gt;http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=35155&amp;sectioncode=1 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;04 August 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Sunday Times faces the threat of legal action for inciting racial hatred after a piece by AA Gill branded Albanians "short and ferret-faced".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The feature, headlined "The Land That Time Forgot", was published in the Sunday Times Magazine on 23 July, and detailed Gill's visit to the Balkan state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He described the country as "a Ruritania of brigands and vendettas" and the people as "short and ferretfaced, with the unisex stumpy, slightly bowed legs of Shetland ponies".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gill also described the Albanian language as "a ready-made code for criminals", adding: "There are four million Albanian citizens… three million of them live at home, the fourth quarter work abroad, and what they do is mostly illegal."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The article has angered Albanians around the world, and has been picked up by all the major newspaper and TV stations in Albania.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the UK, Mjaft — an Albanian organisation that aims to promote the country's image throughout the world — has been in consultation with lawyers regarding possibile legal action against The Sunday Times.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The director of the group's London branch, Ralf Gjoni, said: "We don't mind criticism of Albania, because we are the first critics ourselves. But this was pure racism, and is inciting racial hatred in the UK.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The article and the language of Gill inspires more prejudice and hatred in the British public, among employers and among businesses that are considering potential investment in Albania. It damages [Albania's] image and it damages trade relations, but above all it incites pure racial hatred and intolerance towards us in the UK."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a letter to Sunday Times editor John Witherow, Albanian ambassador to the UK Kastriot Robo described the article as "unrealistic, negative, harsh, racist, anti-Albanian, denigrating and offensive to the Albanian people, nation and state", adding that the feature was "worthy of a tabloid".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Following the intense criticism of Gill's article, The Sunday Times last week published three letters in opposition to the piece — including an edited version of the ambassador's letter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sunday Times Magazine editor, Robin Morgan, defended Gill's article. He told Press Gazette: "Whether [Gill] writes about the Welsh, the English or the Germans there's always a reaction. I think people just read it literally rather than for the enjoyment of his attitude."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He described the article as Gill's "usual acerbic stuff", adding: "I think an awful lot of what he was saying was lost in translation. Most people see it for what it is, but the problem is that many Albanians think that he's being very unfair to the country. But the negatives are there and they exist."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is not the first time that Gill has courted controversy. In 1997, he was reported to the police for inciting racial hatred after describing the Welsh as "ugly, pugnacious little trolls". Two years later he was again criticised for an article entitled "Hunforgiven", in which he spoke of his "hate" of Germans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[SHQIP]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A.A. Gill, drejt gjyqit për racizëm - Shqip&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4 gusht 2006&lt;br /&gt;NGA HENRY ANDREAE&lt;br /&gt;PRESS GAZETTE&lt;br /&gt;http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/article/030806/gill_ferret_face_albanian_jibe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Sunday Times" përballet me rrezikun e nje veprimi ligjor për nxitje të urrejtjes racore, pas cilësimit të shqiptarëve si “të shkurtër dhe fytyrë qelbës” në një shkrim të A.A Gill. Shkrimi i titulluar “Toka e harruar nga koha” është botuar në revistën "The Sunday Times” me 23 korrik dhe jep detaje të vizitës së Gill në shtetin ballkanik. Autori e përshkruan vendin si “Rurutani banditësh dhe hakmarrësish” dhe njërëzit e tij si “të shkurtër dhe fytyrëqelbur me një trupngjeshje prej uniseksi e këmbë lehtësisht të harkuara, të ngjashëm me këmbët e kuajve të Shetlandit”. Gill e përshruan gjuhen shqipe si të përshtatshme për kode “kriminelësh”, duke shtuar: “Ka 4 milionë shqiptarë …tre prej të cilëve jetojnë në vendin e tyre, ndersa pjesa e mbetur punojnë jashtë, më së shumti në të zezë. Artikulli i ka inatosur shqiptarët kudo që ndodhen dhe është komentuar nga të gjitha mediat shqiptare.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Në Britaninë e Madhe “MJAFT!”, një organizatë që synon promovimin e nje imazhi pozitiv të Shqipërisë në botë, po konsultohet me avokatë të cilët po marrin në konsideratë nisjen e një beteje ligjore me “Sunday Times”. Drejtori i degës londineze të organizatës , Ralf Gjoni, tha: “Ne nuk na shqetëson kritika ndaj Shqipërisë, pasi ne jemi të parët që kritikojmë veten. Por këtu bëhet fjalë për racizëm të pastër, që nxit urrejtjen racore ne Angli. Artikulli i A.A Jill dhe gjuha e përdorur në të, inspiron urrejtje dhe paragjykim ne publikun britanik dhe mes bisnesmeneve që marrin ne konsideratë investimet në Shqipëri. Ai dëmton imazhin e Shqipërisë dhe marrëdhëniet tregtare, por, mbi të gjitha nxit urrejtjen racore ndaj shqipëtarëve ne Mbretërinë e Bashkuar”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Në një letër drejtuar “Sunday Times”, ambasadori shqiptarë në Angli, Kastriot Robo, e përshkruan artikullin si “jorealist, negativ, të ashpër, racist, antishqiptar, denigrues dhe ofendues ndaj shqiptarëve, kombit dhe vete shtetit, duke shtuar se shkrimi është i denjë për një tabloid.&lt;br /&gt;Në vijim të kriticizmit të ashpër të Gill, “Sunday Times”, nje javë më parë publikoi tre letra, të cilat e kundërshtojnë shkrimin përfshi edhe nje version të reduktuar të ambasadorit. Botuesi i revistës, Robin Morgan, i doli në mbështetje artikullit të gazetës së tij. Ai u shpreh në ‘Press Gazzet”: ”Ka pasur gjithnjë reagime për shkrimet e Gillit, qofshin këto për Uellsin, Anglinë apo Gjermaninë. Mendoj se njerëzit lexojnë shkrimet e Gill qoftë edhe për kënaqesinë e mënyrës së tij të trajtuarit të gjërave”. Ai e përshkruan artikullin si të një shkrimi tipik të thartë, duke shtuar se: “Njërëzit e shohin Gillin për atë cka është, por problemi është se shumë shqiptarë mendojnë se ai ka qënë i padrejtë me vendin e tyre, ndërkohë që anët negative egzistojnë, janë aty”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Për Gill kjo nuk është hera e parë, që një shkrim i tillë ngjall kundershti. Në vitin 1997 ai u padit në polici për nxitje të urrejtjes racore, pasi i kishte cilesuar banorët e Uellsit si “të shemtuar dhe hundë shtypur”. Dy vjet më vonë ai u kritikua sërisht për një artikull të titulluar “Hundforgiven”, në të cilën ai fliste për urrejtjen e tij ndaj gjermanëve.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marrë nga gazeta britanike online:&lt;br /&gt;“pressgazette”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-5343733097215964933?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/5343733097215964933/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=5343733097215964933' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/5343733097215964933'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/5343733097215964933'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/gill-in-new-racism-row-over-ferret.html' title='Gill in new racism row over ‘ferret-faced’ Albanians jibe'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-3357752642363483063</id><published>2011-10-29T18:03:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T18:12:38.284+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Historia e rrugëtimit të 110 pasagjerëve shqiptarë rrëfyer nga zëri zyrtar i Ministrisë së Jashtme</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5wIA5j6tZ6k/Tqwz817mLUI/AAAAAAAADFw/83pealdnGLA/s1600/Ralf%2BGjoni%2BOra%2BNews.bmp.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 152px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5wIA5j6tZ6k/Tqwz817mLUI/AAAAAAAADFw/83pealdnGLA/s200/Ralf%2BGjoni%2BOra%2BNews.bmp.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5668963151314824514" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Përfundimisht mbaron edhe ankthi i 110 pasagjerëve shqiptarë të cilët mbrëmë u transferuan nga Bratislava për në Bolonja. Ngjarja mund të konsiderohet pa frikë si një nga incidentet e më të rënda të ndodhura në hapësirën ku fluturohet nga Rinasi për në vendet e tjera. Deklarata sporadike u lëshuan përgjatë gjithë ditës së djeshme, e që të gjitha kishin në fokus vetëm përgjegjësinë dhe fajësinë që tashmë bie mbi dy pilotë sllovakë që marrin pasagjeret e një avioni dhe i dërgojnë në tokën e vet. Mirëpo pasditen e djeshme ngjarja është shoqëruar përveç se me pak informacion edhe me një deklaratë të fortë të zërit zyrtar të Ministrisë së Punëve të Jashtme në Shqipëri, Ralf Gjoni. Zëdhënësi i këtij dikasteri jo vetëm ka shpjeguar gjithçka kanë mundur të lëvizin autoritet e këtij dikasteri por shpjegon me detaje edhe të gjitha përpjekjet që janë bërë për të iu ardhur në ndihmë pasagjerëve në aeroportin e Bratislavës. Në rrëfimin e Gjonit shfaqet ndoshta një risi i ndërhyrjeve diplomatike për incidente të tilla me shqiptarë nëpër vende të tjera, jashtë Shqipërie edhe pse avioni kishte në bordin e tij 110 shqiptarë. Sipas zëdhënësit të këtij dikasteri qartësohet se ky incident nuk do të ketë asnjë lloj ndikimi në marrëdhënjet e mira mes dy vendeve, kjo falë edhe bashkëpunimeve dhe shkëmbimeve diplomatike mes vendit tonë dhe atij të Sllovakisë...&lt;br /&gt;Shënim redaksional&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pyetje: Përshëndetje z. Gjoni. Temë kryesore e kësaj dite, ka qenë padyshim odisea e 110 udhëtarëve shqiptarë, pas një ndryshimi të destinacionit të avionit të Albanian Airlines nga Bolonja në Bratislavë. A mund ta quajmë të përfunduar odisenë e tyre?&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni: Unë do të thoja që mund ta quajmë pothuajse të përfunduar. Sipas informacionit të fundit që na ka ardhur nga Bratislava, udhëtarët janë futur në avionin e posaçëm i cili është nisur tashmë nga Bratislava, pas pastrimit të pistës nga dëbora. Jemi të lehtësuar dhe të lumtur që u arrit një zgjidhje për pasagjerët, pas një odiseje të lodhshme e të tejzgjatur, si për pasagjerët, ashtu edhe për ekipin tonë të Ministrisë së Jashtme në terren, që u është gjendur pranë pasagjerëve në çdo moment gjatë orëve të natës.&lt;br /&gt;Pyetje: Në fakt menjëherë pas lajmërimit të incidentit, kemi parë autoritetet shqiptare, në veçanti Ministrinë e Jashtme, tepër të angazhuar për tu gjendur pranë qytetarëve. Çfarë ka ndryshuar që MPJ vjen në ndihmë edhe në raste të tilla, gjë që nuk është vënë re më parë?&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni: Në një rast të tillë ku një avion me mbi 100 pasagjerë me fëmijë brenda, niset nga Tirana për në Bolonjë, dhe përfundon në një destinacion tjetër si Bratislava, në kushte të vështira atmosferike, pa ju dhënë asnjë lloj informacioni, patjetër që na vendos përpara një përgjegjësie për tu kujdesur për ta. Nëse do të isha në vendin e tyre, do të ndjeja të njëjtën gjë. Ne si Qeveri, si shtet, si Ministri e Punëve të Jashtme, kemi një detyrim ndaj qytetarëve tanë si brenda territorit, pra për sa i përket shërbimeve që ata marrin, por kemi një detyrim edhe jashtë territorit shqiptar, kur qytetarët tanë gjenden të izoluar pa asnjë lloj ndihme dhe në vështirësi. Kush tjetër përveç shtetit shqiptar mund tu vinte në ndihmë këtyre pasagjerëve të lodhur, të stresuar e të bllokuar në Bratislavë, përveç se Ministrisë së Punëve të Jashtme?&lt;br /&gt;Pyetje: Në fakt do të ishte me interes të dinim pak më tepër rreth kronologjisë së ngjarjeve.&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni: Në fakt, Zv. Kryeministri dhe Ministri i Punëve të Jashtme, z. Meta i cili ndodhet jashtë shtetit në udhëtim zyrtar, u informua menjëherë rreth ngjarjes, dhe ngarkoi zv/ministren e Punëve të Jashtme, znj. Edith Harxhi për ta menaxhuar këtë situatë. Znj. Harxhi, pas informimit nga Drejtoria e Aviacionit Civil, menjëherë njoftoi Ambasadën shqiptare në Pragë, duke patur parasysh se Sllovakia mbulohet nga përfaqësia jonë në Pragë, e cila hyri në kontakt me autoritetet sllovake për të marrë informacion dhe për të siguruar pasagjerët shqiptarë në një sallë të ngrohtë në aeroport, në pritje të një zgjidhjeje. Por duke patur parasysh edhe largësinë gjeografike të Pragës me Bratislavën, znj. Harxhi urdhëroi nisjen e menjëhershme të të ngarkuarit tonë me punë në Vienë, z. Egin Ceka që të nisej drejt Bratislavës në mes të kushteve të rënduara atmosferike për tu gjendur sa më parë pranë qytetarëve shqiptarë. Le të kemi parasysh që Viena është shumë më afër Bratislavës se sa Praga. Do doja të theksoja gjithashtu që kemi patur një bashkëpunim shumë efikas edhe me Ambasadorin dhe Konsullin e Nderit sllovak në Tiranë, të cilët mundësuan kontaktin e drejtpërdrejtë me Ministrinë e Jashtme sllovake dhe vetë ministrin Lajçek, i cili ngarkoi një ekip të posaçëm për të verifikuar ngjarjen dhe për të siguruar asistencën e nevojshme.&lt;br /&gt;Pyetje: Z. Gjoni, kush i mban përgjegjësitë për këtë incident, ekuipazhi apo kompania e fluturimit?&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni: Unë mund të flas vetëm për përgjegjësitë e MPJ, që gjatë këtyre momenteve kishte të bënte me sigurinë e qytetarëve shqiptarë në Bratislavë. Por personalisht mendoj se është ende herët për të ditur arsyen e qartë. Patjetër, që autoritetet kompetente duhet të merren me hetimin e kësaj ngjarjeje dhe të gjejnë shkaktarët e saj. Por duke patur parasysh stresin, lodhjen dhe nevojshmërinë e pasagjerëve gjatë natës, për ne prioriteti ishte siguria dhe kujdesi për ta. Z. Ceka ka kaluar gjithë natën pranë pasagjerëve, duke i informuar ata për sigurimin e një hoteli nga kompania Albanian Airlines për akomodimin e tyre dhe duke ofruar kujdesin e nevojshëm për ta. Pra detyra jonë ishte të përgjigjeshim me efikasitet dhe sa më shpejt pranë qytetarëve shqiptarë, gjë që besoj fort se Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme e ka bërë në mënyrë të shkëlqyer, falë gjithashtu edhe një bashkëpunimi shumë të mirë me autoritetet sllovake të cilat iu përgjigjën kërkesës sonë. Përfitoj nga rasti ti falënderoj për këtë bashkëpunim.&lt;br /&gt;Pyetje: A mund të quhet ky një incident diplomatik mes Shqipërisë dhe Sllovakisë?&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni: Absolutisht që jo! Shqipëria dhe Sllovakia kanë marrëdhënie shumë të mira diplomatike. Ju ndoshta mund të jeni informuar që brenda disa ditësh, Ministri i Jashtëm z. Lajçek pritet të vizitojë Tiranën, një vizitë kjo e koordinuar prej kohësh. Ne kemi një Ambasador dhe Konsull Nderi të Sllovakisë në Tiranë të cilët, në bashkëpunim me Ministrinë, po punojnë për rritjen e shkëmbimeve tregtare e diplomatike mes të dy vendeve. Përfitoj nga rasti që të saktësoj që ky nuk ishte një problem mes dy shteteve, por mes dy kompanive private. Dhe patjetër që në këto raste, shteti ndjen një përgjegjësi zyrtare por edhe morale për tiu gjendur pranë qytetarit, gjë që ne e bëmë me përgjegjësi dhe brenda afateve kohore optimale.&lt;br /&gt;Pyetje: Pati njoftime në media se kishte patur ndërhyrje nga policia sllovake për ti nxjerrë jashtë aeroportit pasagjerët. Çfarë ndodhi në të vërtetë?&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni: Pati, do të thoja, disa keqkuptime mes dy tre pasagjerëve dhe autoriteteve të aeroportit për sa i përket gjuhës së komunikimit mes dy palëve. Më duhet të saktësoj që në një zonë të transitit ndërkombëtar, nuk ekziston mundësia e nxjerrjes jashtë të pasagjerëve. Përkundrazi, pati sugjerime nga autoritetet që ata pasagjerë të cilët ishin të pajisur me viza shengen, e kishin mundësinë e daljes jashtë aeroportit, sipas dëshirës dhe zgjedhjes së tyre personale. Mendoj se këtu ka ndodhur keqkuptimi, dhe se predispozita nga ana e autoriteteve ishte dashamirëse. Ju e patë vetë më vonë se nuk pati nxjerrje të pasagjerëve jashtë. Përkundrazi, me të mbërritur z. Ceka në aeroport, pas udhëtimit në mes të një stuhie dëbore, ai pati kontakt të drejtpërdrejtë me autoritetet dhe pasagjerët, të cilëve iu ofrua mundësia e akomodimit në hotel për të kaluar natën të qetë, pavarësisht se disa pasagjerë nuk dëshironin të akomodoheshin. Me sinqeritet, sot ndjehem krenar që jam pjesë e Ministrisë së Punëve të Jashtme shqiptare, për këtë menaxhim të shkëlqyer që i është bërë kësaj situate emergjence. Ishte dëshmi e qartë se kur qytetari ka nevojë, shteti përgjigjet në kohë. Besoj se me përfundimin e fluturimit në Bolonja, përfundon edhe përgjegjësia jonë ndaj qytetarëve për këtë rast.&lt;br /&gt;Pyetje: A duhet të ketë penalitete për fajtorët?&lt;br /&gt;Patjetër që nëse ka patur shkelje të procedurave, autoritetet përkatëse në të dy vendet, duhet të hetojnë incidentin, të gjejnë shkaqet dhe shkaktarët, dhe këta të fundit të përballen me drejtësinë e kujtdo vendi që ka përgjegjësinë konkrete. Kjo është normale për çdo vend të botës në çdo situatë ku ka shkelje. Por kjo është jashtë kompetencave të Ministrisë së Jashtme. Për ne, prioriteti kryesor ishte siguria dhe menaxhimi i udhëtarëve gjatë kohës së bllokimit në Bratislavë, gjë që besoj se e kemi bërë me gatishmëri të plotë, përgjegjësi maksimale dhe efikasitet optimal.&lt;br /&gt;Intervistë e Ora Neës me Zëdhënësin e Ministrisë së Punëve të Jashtme, z. Ralf Gjoni në lidhje me menaxhimin e situatës së avionit të ulur në Bratislavë nga ana e MPJ.&lt;br /&gt;Marre nga Ora News&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-3357752642363483063?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/3357752642363483063/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=3357752642363483063' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/3357752642363483063'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/3357752642363483063'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/historia-e-rrugetimit-te-110.html' title='Historia e rrugëtimit të 110 pasagjerëve shqiptarë rrëfyer nga zëri zyrtar i Ministrisë së Jashtme'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5wIA5j6tZ6k/Tqwz817mLUI/AAAAAAAADFw/83pealdnGLA/s72-c/Ralf%2BGjoni%2BOra%2BNews.bmp.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-6196532276395030726</id><published>2011-10-29T18:01:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T18:02:23.418+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ralf Gjoni në Paris: 2010 viti i Evropës në Shqipëri</title><content type='html'>Gjatë një vizite zyrtare në Paris me ftesë të Departamentit të Komunikimit të Ministrisë së Jashtme franceze, Zëdhënësi i Ministrisë së Punëve të Jashtme, Ralf Gjoni zhvilloi një konferencë për shtyp si dhe një bashkëbisedim me gazetarët në Qendrën e Medias së Huaj (Centre d'Accueil de la Presse Etrangère CAPE) në Paris, qendra ku të gjithë korrespondentët (franceze dhe të huaj) janë akredituar nga Min e Jashtme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kjo vizitë u zhvillua në kuadër të forcimit të bashkëpunimit institucional mes Francës dhe Shqipërisë, dhe në vecanti mes dy Departamenteve të Komunikimit të dy Ministrive të Jashtme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gjatë deklaratës së tij për shtyp Gjoni ofroi një ekspoze të hapave të bërë nga Shqipëria gjatë viteve të fundit në kuadër të integrimit të saj evropian si dhe informoi mediat e pranishme rreth përmbushjes së kritereve nga Qeveria shqiptare për liberalizimin e vizave. Gjithashtu ai foli rreth angazhimit në kuadër të operacioneve të NATOs, rolit të Shqipërisë në rajon si dhe iu përgjigj pyetjeve të gazetarëve të pranishëm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duke iu përgjigjur interesimit të gazetarëve, Ralf Gjoni theksoi rëndësinë e heqjes së vizave për qytetarët shqiptarë, dhe vuri në dukje se ‘cështja e heqjes se vizave, është së pari një cështje dinjiteti për qytetarët shqiptarë, të cilët meritojnë të udhëtojnë të lirë si gjithë bashkëqytetarët evropianë. Ky proces do të jetë në dobi të zhvillimit dhe forcimit të stabilitetit në Ballkanin Perëndimor duke forcuar lidhjet dhe shkëmbimet njerezore e ekonomike të Shqiperisë me vendet e BE’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Per sa i përket rolit të vecantë që Shqipëria luan në rajon, Gjoni tha se: ‘nese kemi parasysh realitetet e reja gjeopolitike në rajon, si dhe praninë e popullësisë shqiptare në vendet fqinjë, politika e jashtme e Shqipërisë luan një rol deciziv për sa i përket properitetit dhe zhvillimit të rajonit’. Këtu ai përmendi edhe vizitën e fundit historike të Zv. Kryeministrit dhe Ministrit të Punëve të Jashtme z. Ilir Meta në Beograd, e cila tregoi qartë se një erë e re po fryn në marrëdhëniet mes Shqipërisë dhe Serbisë si dhe vullnetin e qartë të politikës shqiptare për të kontribuar në forcimin e stabilitetit dhe prosperitetit në rajon.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Në fund, Zëdhënësi i MPJ Ralf Gjoni shprehu vlerësimin e Shqipërisë për mbështetjen e vazhdueshme që Franca ka dhënë për integrimin evropian dhe liberalizimin e vizave duke përmendur vizitat e fundit të Kryeministrit Berisha në Paris si dhe atë të Sekretarit të Shtetit Pierre Lellouche në Tiranë. ‘Franca është me të vërtetë një vend mik i Shqipërisë dhe për këtë jemi mirënjohës’, tha Gjoni, duke falenderuar njëkohësisht edhe z. Valero për mundësimin e kësaj vizite zyrtare.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ndërsa gjatë një konference për shtyp në Ministrinë e Punëve të Jashtme të Francës, Zëdhënësi dhe Drejtori i Komunikimit z. Bernard Valero përshëndeti prezencën e Zëdhënësit shqiptar Ralf Gjoni duke shtuar: ‘vizita e z. Gjoni në Paris zhvillohet në kuadrin e shkëmbimeve që ne po ndërtojmë me homologët tanë shqiptarë dhe ilustron cilësinë e marrëdhënieve tona me Shqipërinë. Dy anëtarë të Qeverisë franceze kanë vizituar Tiranën kohët e fundit, Pierre Lellouche dhe Anne-Marie Idrac. Vizitat e tyre reciproke kanë vënë në dukje cilësinë e bashkëpunimit bilateral me këtë vend dhe potencialin e tij të fortë për zhvillim. Qoftë në kuadër të OKB, NATO apo ONF, ne po punojmë ngushtë me partnerët tanë shqiptarë të cilët i inkurajojmë në perspektivën e tyre evropiane’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mëposhtë lidhje të mediave franceze që mbuluan konferencën e z. Gjoni në CAPE si dhe një artikull të Radio France Internationale:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.capefrance.com/fr/conferences/2010/3/1895.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.euractiv.fr/elargissement-0/article/2010/03/30/2010-annee-europe-en-albanie_66065&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.rfi.fr/contenu/20100331-albanie-frappe-nouveau-porte-union-europeenne&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;https://pastel.diplomatie.gouv.fr/editorial/actual/ael2/pointpresse.asp?liste=20100330.html&amp;submit.x=11&amp;submit.y=9&amp;submit=consulter&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-6196532276395030726?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/6196532276395030726/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=6196532276395030726' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/6196532276395030726'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/6196532276395030726'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/ralf-gjoni-ne-paris-2010-viti-i-evropes.html' title='Ralf Gjoni në Paris: 2010 viti i Evropës në Shqipëri'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-1061325220480219445</id><published>2011-10-29T17:52:00.006+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T18:01:35.566+01:00</updated><title type='text'>M. Ralf GJONI, Porte-parole du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères d'Albanie, a donné une conférence de presse au Centre d’Accueil de la Presse à Paris</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6V8gj0AM_2Q/TqwwrKdygLI/AAAAAAAADFk/BPON3Hhy2FU/s1600/Ralf_Gjoni_CAPE.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 134px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6V8gj0AM_2Q/TqwwrKdygLI/AAAAAAAADFk/BPON3Hhy2FU/s200/Ralf_Gjoni_CAPE.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5668959549054419122" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'Albanie et l'Union Européenne&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'Albanie doit remettre le mois prochain à la Commission Européenne ses réponses au questionnaire d'adhésion en vue d'obtenir le statut de candidat officiel à l'Union Européenne. Dans son dernier rapport, la Commission pointait les défaillances de l'Albanie dans la lutte contre la corruption, la primauté du droit et le fonctionnement des institutions. Quelles réformes et efforts ont mené les autorités albanaises sur ces différents fronts ? M. Gjoni évoqua également la demande de levée des restrictions sur les visas dont la Serbie, le Monténégro et la Macédoine ont été exemptées en décembre dernier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Déclaration de presse du Porte-Parole du Ministère des Affaires Étrangères de la République d’Albanie, M. Ralf Gjoni&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;30 mars 2010&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L’Albanie, engagée pleinement dans son chemin vers l’UE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tout d’ abord, je voudrais remercier le Ministère des Affaires Européennes et Etrangères de la République française et le Centre d'Accueil de la Presse Étrangère qui ont rendu possible cette conférence de presse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Je me trouve aujourd’hui a Paris pour faire un exposé concis de l’avancement de l’Albanie dans ses efforts pour la construction d’un état de droit et démocratique et pour vous informer sur les reformes entamés dernièrement par le gouvernement albanais dans le cadre du processus de la libéralisation des visas et de l’intégration européenne. Je parlerai aussi brièvement de l’engagement réel de l’Albanie au sein de l’OTAN et des priorités de notre gouvernement dans le cadre de notre politique régionale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L’Albanie est un pays petit mais important pour la région des Balkans, et a connu des moments difficiles dans son histoire. Apres 45 ans de dictature communiste, qui ont endommagé aussi bien le fonctionnement de l’état que celui de la société, l’Albanie a répondu aux défis du temps en adoptant l’économie du marche et en essayant de rattraper le temps perdu. Il ne faut pas oublier le contexte balkanique, les guerres de l’ex Yougoslavie, lesquelles n’ont pas permis a l’Albanie de profiter d’une situation régionale favorable, aussi bien dans l’aspect social que dans celui économique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De toute façon, pendant ces 20 dernières années, l’Albanie a connu des transformations géantes en ce qui concerne la consolidation de la démocratie, des droits de l’homme, du développement socio – économique et de la liberté d’expression. Aujourd’hui l’Albanie est un des rares pays au monde qui continue a avoir une croissance économique, un pays ou les potentiels s’investissement sont innombrables, un pays ou les citoyens et les media jouissent une plaine liberté d’expression, un pays plus sur que jamais qui devient toujours plus attractif pour les touristes et les investisseurs étrangers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aujourd’hui l’Albanie est membre a pleins droits de l’OTAN, un acteur important géopolitique dans les Balkans et un candidat digne pour l’Union Européenne.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cette dernière année, l’Albanie a entamé des pas très importants vers la consolidation de la démocratie. En avril 2009 notre pays a officiellement appliqué pour avoir le statut du pays candidat a l’adhésion dans l’UE. Le 28 juin 200 9 on a tenu les élections parlementaires, qui ont été considéré par l’OSCE – ODHIR comme ayant marqué un progrès visible dans l’histoire récente des élections démocratiques en Albanie et ayant atteint la majorité des standards de l’OSCE. En novembre 2009, les Ministres européens des Affaires Etrangères ont demandé a la Commission Européennes de préparer son opinion sur l’application de l’Albanie pour l’adhésion européenne et en décembre dernier la Commission nous a remis le questionnaire. Pendant ces derniers mois notre administration a fait un travail colossal et très intensif pour remplir le questionnaire, qu’on prévoit de remettre a la Commission en avril 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En ce qui concerne la libéralisation des visas, les missions d’experts de la Commission Européenne ont déjà terminé leur travail en Albanie. Notre gouvernement demeure convaincu que l’Albanie a rempli tous les critères exiges par l’UE et que ces citoyens auront enfin la possibilité de voyager sans visas vers la zone Schengen avant la fin 2010. Je voudrais mentionner sur ce point l’engagement du Parlement Européen et du Conseil des Ministres de l’UE en ce qui concerne l’accélération des procédures pour la libéralisation des visas. Cette dernière est, avant tout, une question de dignité pour les citoyens albanais, qui d’avoir le droit de voyager aussi librement que leur concitoyens européens. Ce processus viendra en aide au développement et renforcement de la stabilité dans les Balkans, en renforçant les liens et les échanges humaines et économiques de l’Albanie avec l’UE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En ce qui concerne la contribution dans l’OTAN, l’Albanie est engagée pleinement et de façon responsable au cotés de ses partenaires pour la consolidation du système de valeurs et de sécurité collective que incarne l’Alliance. Appart son rôle très constructif dans la sécurité régionale, dans le plan global, l’Albanie reste très engagé en Afghanistan, ou, dans le cadre de l’opération ISAF, l’Albanie augmentera sa contribution avec 85 personnes, 35 desquelles seront des troupes de combat. A la fin de l’année le nombre total des troupes albanaises en Afghanistan atteindra les 330 personnes. Je voudrais mentionner aussi l’engagement de l’Albanie en Chad, aux cotés des troupes françaises, dans le cadre de l’ONU, autant que notre participation dans le mantien de la paix en Bosnie Herzégovine, dans le cadre de l’UE. J’aimerais mettre en évidence le fait que l’Albanie n’a pas attendu l’adhésion a l'Union pour montrer qu’elle est capable de contribuer dans le mantien de la sécurité globale, autant que partenaire digne de l’OTAN.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans des Balkans, L’Albanie continuera a jouer un rôle constructif. L’Albanie a une position stratégique et très importante pour la sécurité, la paix et la stabilité dans les Balkans. Si on prend en considération les nouvelles réalités géopolitiques dans la région, aussi bien que la présence de populations albanaises dans les pays frontaliers, on se rend compte que la politique étrangère albanaise joue un rôle décisif en faveur de la prospérité et du développement de la région.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous croyons que le futur des Balkans est dans l’UE et que la coopération concrète entre les pays de la région résultera en une croissance économique qui nous rapprochera encore plus a l’UE. Il est important de mentionner la visite historique du Vice Premier Ministre et Ministre albanais des Affaires Étrangères, M. Ilir Meta, a Belgrade au début de ce mois. Cette visite est un indicatif clair d’une nouvelle ère dans les relations entre l’Albanie et la Serbie, même si on ne partage pas les mêmes opinions en ce qui concerne la question du statut de Kosovo. Il est notre forte conviction que les Balkans feront en avant seulement en laissant le passé derrière et en considérant l’intégration européenne comme un défi commun. Dans ce contexte, l’Albanie est consciente de son rôle important dans la région et a développé des relations étroites avec tous ses voisins. Notre contribution est au service d’un climat de coopération, de partenariat, de bonne fois et de bon voisinage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dernièrement, je voudrais exprimer l’appréciation de l’Albanie pour le support continu de la France en ce qui concerne notre intégration européenne et le processus de la libéralisation des visas. La France est un pays ami de l’Albanie et on est très reconnaissants. Les relations franco-albanaises sont excellentes, ce qui a été réaffirmé lors de la dernière visite du Premier Ministre albanais M. Berisha a Paris et de la visite du Secrétaire de l’Etat, M. Pierre Lellouche a Tirana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chers amis, l’Albanie est un pays francophone, qui, aux cotés de la France et des autres partenaires europeen, continuera a faire face aux défis contemporains avec responsabilité maximale, autant que membre de l’OTAN, mais aussi comme membre de Union Européenne dans un futur proche.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Taken from http://www.amb-albanie.fr/actualites-diplomatiques.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-1061325220480219445?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/1061325220480219445/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=1061325220480219445' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/1061325220480219445'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/1061325220480219445'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/m-ralf-gjoni-porte-parole-du-ministere.html' title='M. Ralf GJONI, Porte-parole du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères d&apos;Albanie, a donné une conférence de presse au Centre d’Accueil de la Presse à Paris'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6V8gj0AM_2Q/TqwwrKdygLI/AAAAAAAADFk/BPON3Hhy2FU/s72-c/Ralf_Gjoni_CAPE.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-5418358743825797369</id><published>2011-10-29T17:49:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T17:50:08.555+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme mirëpret miratimin e Raportit të eurodeputetes Tanja Fajon nga Parlamenti Evropian</title><content type='html'>Gjatë një konference për shtyp, Zëdhënësi i Ministrisë se Punëve të Jashtme, z. Ralf Gjoni përshëndeti mbështetjen e Parlamentit Evropian për lëvizjen pa viza të qytetarëve shqiptarë në Bashkimin Evropian brenda një kohe sa më të shpejtë.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme mirëpret miratimin që u bë sot në Parlmentin Evropian të raportit të  eurodeputetes Tanja Fajon, në lidhje me liberalizimin e vizave me vendet e Ballkanit Perëndimor. Kjo rezolutë dhe deklarata që e bashkëshoqëroi atë në emër të Parlamentit Evropian dhe Këshillit, e pranuar edhe nga Komisioni Evropian, është një mbështetje e fuqishme për Shqipërinë dhe për të gjithë rajonin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Propozimi për përfshirjen e menjëhershme të Shqipërisë në aneksin e dytë të vendeve të cilave nuk u nevojitet vizë për në BE, sapo ajo të përmbushë detyrimet e mbetura, dëshmon për përkrahjen e gjerë dhe të fuqishme që gëzon vendi ynë për të realizuar lëvizjen pa viza të qytetarëve dhe për të avancuar bindshëm në rrugëtimin tonë evropian pa vonesa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Në deklaratën e përbashkët theksohet qartë vullneti politik brenda institucioneve të Bashkimit Evropian për një trajtim urgjent të çështjes së vizave për Shqipërinë, pasi Komisioni Evropian të ketë vlerësuar pozitivisht përmbushjen e të gjitha kritereve të Udhërrëfyesit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Qeveria shqiptare i siguron të gjithë partnerët tanë evropianë se ne do të përmbyllim me sukses dhe pa humbur kohë të gjitha detyrimet e mbetura në këtë proçes, dhe se angazhimi ynë do të vazhdojë të jetë po kaq intensiv në çdo etapë të marrëdhënies tonë me Bashkimin Evropian. Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme, duke vlerësuar përkrahjen e plotë të të gjitha institucioneve të Bashkimit Evropian, është e vendosur në realizimin e hapave të mbetur dhe shpreh bindjen se lëvizja pa viza e qytetarëve shqiptarë në hapësirën Shengen do të realizohet sa më shpejt që të jetë e mundur, brenda vitit 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Publikuar ne www.mfa.gov.al on 12.11.2009&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-5418358743825797369?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/5418358743825797369/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=5418358743825797369' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/5418358743825797369'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/5418358743825797369'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/ministria-e-puneve-te-jashtme-mirepret.html' title='Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme mirëpret miratimin e Raportit të eurodeputetes Tanja Fajon nga Parlamenti Evropian'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-4597280652383077061</id><published>2011-10-29T17:46:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-29T17:48:22.492+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Press Conference by the Spokesman of the Foreign Ministry, Mr. Ralf Gjoni</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.mfa.gov.al/images/stories/lajme/lajme_meta/meta68.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 160px; height: 106px;" src="http://www.mfa.gov.al/images/stories/lajme/lajme_meta/meta68.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 1 November 2009 the “ Agreement between the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Albania and the Council of  Ministers of Bosnia – Herzegovina on the Nationals’ Mutual Travel” becomes effective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The signing of this Agreement became possible on 24 March 2009, as part of the commitment of the Albanian Government to open  spaces of communication with the countries of the region and provide facilities for the nationals’ free travel through these spaces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This Agreement ensures the exempt from visa obligation for all the nationals of the two countries, holders of Ordinary Passports and who like to enter, transit or stay in the territory of each of the two countries. Under the EU standards, the stay duration should not exceed 90 days( three moths) within a period of 180 days( six months).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The transition through the border checkpoints open for international or inter-state travel will be free from taxes or other obligations. This is one of the novelties of this Agreement, which complies with the desire of both parties for the maximum facilitation from barriers or obligations, bringing the practice of travel between the two countries closer to the practice of the movement of citizens in the EU space.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nationals who on the account of family, study or employment reasons like to stay visa free in the territory of the other side for a period longer than the period permitted (90 days within 180 days) should comply with the legislation of the respective country and be issued with long – term visa in the Diplomatic / Consular Representation or to ask for the residence permit from the competent bodies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This Agreement with have a positive impact on the facilitation of boost of contacts between the nationals of both countries and will serve the strengthening of relations at all areas. Likewise, the entry into force of this Agreement will assist in achieving the goal of Albania and Bosnia – Herzegovina on establishing a free regime for the movement of their citizens in the European space.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Question: Mr. Gjoni, what is the number of citizens travelling between the two countries and, in particular, the number of Albanian citizens moving towards Bosnia?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni: We are talking for some thousands of citizens travelling between the respective countries and with the entry into force of this Agreement, we awaiting a large increase of the  flow of citizens and an increase of trade exchanges as well, in the field of tourism and investments, in particular. I might say that we are  soon awaiting a visit by a large business group from B-H; certainly, the visa free movement enables the growth of the flux of nationals and trade exchanges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Question: What about other countries of the region, and Serbia in particular, what is being done with regard to visa liberalization?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni: With our neighbor countries, with Macedonia, Kosovo and Montenegro, as you know, the visa regime is already lifted and Albanian citizens may travel freely without  hindrances. Meanwhile, with regard to Serbia, work is going on the initiation of negotiations between the two countries to reach the same conditions that we have with the above-mentioned countries. Certainly, we are open to start these negotiations very soon and to enable the nationals of both countries travel freely; we are also open to expand cooperation even in other fields.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Published: 01.11.2009&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-4597280652383077061?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/4597280652383077061/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=4597280652383077061' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/4597280652383077061'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/4597280652383077061'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2011/10/press-conference-by-spokesman-of.html' title='Press Conference by the Spokesman of the Foreign Ministry, Mr. Ralf Gjoni'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-2920727803641432786</id><published>2009-08-27T22:07:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2009-08-27T22:09:25.561+01:00</updated><title type='text'>QENDRUESHMERIA BOTEKUPTIMORE E NJE LIDERI</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/Spb1x5Xt9yI/AAAAAAAABWo/Jt_QY6B13zM/s1600-h/Meta+Rama.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 200px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/Spb1x5Xt9yI/AAAAAAAABWo/Jt_QY6B13zM/s200/Meta+Rama.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5374753442875963170" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Winston Curcill thoshte se ‘çmimi i madhështisë është përgjegjshmëria’. Dhe rrallë herë kemi parë liderë të përgjegjshëm në arenën e politikës shqiptare. E ndërsa po i afrohemi kongresit të PS-së, mbledhjes së parlamentit të ardhshëm dhe krijimit të koalicionit të ri qeverisës PD-LSI, shqiptarët po përballen me akuza të panumërta brenda të majtës, të cilat kanë për qëllim largimin e vëmendjes së qytetarit nga realiteti i trishtë i humbjes së zgjedhjeve prej së majtës. Disa prej këtyre akuzave këto ditë janë lëshuar në drejtim të LSI-së dhe lidershipit të saj duke hedhur baltë mbi vendimin e anëtarësisë së konventës së kësaj force politike për të hyrë në koalicion me PD-në.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tre, janë arsyet përse LSI duhet të hynte në koalicion me PD-në. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Së pari, për arsye pragmatizmi politik. Kjo ishte e vetmja zgjidhje me të cilën u përball LSI pas zgjedhjeve të 28 Qershorit. Pasi kandidatët e saj për deputet në të gjitha qarqet e vendit vuajtën pasojat e një  operacioni të mirëfilltë e të paramenduar asgjësues nga ana e ‘bosit’ të PS-së, rezultati pas-zgjedhor ishte larg pritshmërive të LSI-së dhe të gjithë analistëve politikë në vend. Në këtë moment, LSI u përball me dy opsione: ose të tkurrej e të rrinte edhe 4 vjet në opozitë për hir të tekave infantile të Edi Ramës, ose t’i jepte një drejtim ngërcit politik që do krijohej si pasojë e krizës institucionale. E para mund të kishte pasoja të paparashikueshme, më e pakta e të cilave do të ishte kriza e brendshme institucionale dhe përballja e vendit me zgjedhje të parakohshme. Asnjë qytetar i kthjellët nuk mund t’a pranonte stërmundimin kombëtar dhe turpin ndërkombëtar që do shkaktonte ky opsion. E dyta ka të bëjë me pragmatizmin politik që i shërben më së miri interesave të gjera e integruese të vendit, duke evituar krizën e duke siguruar krijimin e një koalicioni qeverisës. Dhe një koalicion i dy forcave me filozofi të ndryshme politike është jo vetëm një normalitet në demokracitë e zhvilluara Europiane, por edhe një risi civile për Shqipërinë që prej vitesh ëndërron të integrohet në këtë Europë shumëngjyrëshe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Së dyti, Edi Rama dhe partia e tij e meritojnë të qëndrojnë edhe 4 vjet të tjera në opozitë për shkak të papërgjegjshmërisë  kombëtare që treguan gjatë zgjedhjeve. ‘Ajatollahu’ i PS-së investoi gjithcka kishte, frymën, mediat e tij, aleatët kone e financat e vjelura nga pushteti i kryebashkiakut, vetëm e vetëm që të dëmtonte LSI-në, duke siguruar përçarjen e së majtës. Rezultati zgjedhor tregon qartë se diktati i votës së popullit reflektoi bindshëm mungesën e frymëzimit dhe të besueshmërisë nga ana e Edi Ramës. Shqiptarët thjesht nuk i besuan dhe nuk e votuan një karikaturist oportunistik, i cili as që nuk guxoi të kandidonte e as të paraqiste një program të qartë elektoral para zgjedhësve. Papjekuria politike e këtij lojtari pa burrëri, të çon në konkluzionin se PS-ja nuk është drejtuar, nuk është frymëzuar…ajo është kontrolluar. Edi Rama nuk është lider, ai ka fuqi financiare për të kontrolluar eksponentët e partisë së tij, por nuk është lider, dhe kjo iu shpërblye nga mungesa e votës për të. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Së treti, koalicioni i ardhshëm qeverisës ka të bëjë me qëndrueshmërinë botëkuptimore të Ilir Metës. Them botëkuptimore, sepse lideri i LSI-së i ka qëndruar gjithnjë besnik parimeve të së majtës politike, dhe si i tillë hyn edhe në këtë koalicion të gjerë e shumëngjyrësh. Asnjë qytetar shqiptar nuk duhet të ketë dyshime mbi besnikërinë elektorale e politike të Ilir Metës dhe partisë që ai drejton. Sot ata që votuan për LSI-në ndjehen krenarë e të përfaqësuar nga vendimi politik i LSI-së për të hyrë në koalicion më PD-në, ashtu siç do ndjeheshin votuesit e PS-së nëse do kishim patur një qeveri teknike PD-PS. Kjo, sepse vota e tyre e majtë sot ka pushtet. Vota e tyre e majtë sot vlen sa 40 deputetë. Vota e tyre e majtë sot do të kushtëzojë qeverisjen e 4 viteve të ardhshëm, duke siguruar implementimin e prioriteteve programore të LSI-së dhe duke forcuar rrugëtimin integrues të Shqipërisë drejt Bashkimit Europian. Nesër, LSI do të ketë mundësi të dalë krenare para atyre që e votuan se permes vendimeve të saj politike i shërbeu interesave të tyre afatgjata.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pra, është më se e qartë se sot Shqipëria ka nevojë për zgjidhje e jo krizë, për pjekuri e jo qaramanë. Sot Shqipëria ka nevojë të civilizohet në sjelljen e saj politike nëse nesër dëshiron të jetë pjesë e një klubi politik ku koalicione të tilla janë normalitet, si në Gjermani, Austri apo edhe në Izrael. Sot Shqipëria ka nevojë për përgjegjshmëri kombëtare e politike në shërbim të interesave të qytetarëve të saj, të cilët më shumë se tekat e Edi Ramës, duan të kenë siguri financiare, të lëvizin të lirë në Europë e të ndjehen të sigurt për të ardhmen e fëmijëve të tyre. E pra, analizuar nga këndvështrimi i qëndrueshmërisë botëkuptimore të një lideri, vendimi për të bashkëqeverisur vendin me PD-në, është një vendim që reflekton burrërri politike e besnikëri ndaj zgjedhësve. Ndaj dhe ky vendim sot po pranohet nga shumica dërrmuese e popullit shqiptar, e po përshëndetet prej të gjithë aktorëve ndërkombëtarë si një hap përpara drejt civilizimit politik të Shqipërisë.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-2920727803641432786?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/2920727803641432786/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=2920727803641432786' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/2920727803641432786'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/2920727803641432786'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2009/08/qendrueshmeria-botekuptimore-e-nje.html' title='QENDRUESHMERIA BOTEKUPTIMORE E NJE LIDERI'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/Spb1x5Xt9yI/AAAAAAAABWo/Jt_QY6B13zM/s72-c/Meta+Rama.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-4377361086693358924</id><published>2009-06-24T10:42:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2009-06-24T10:47:44.261+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Tre mesazhet e ‘foshnjërisë’ aktuale politike</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/SkH13K4aSfI/AAAAAAAABRQ/SBqcj6vCdW4/s1600-h/Meta+Rama.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; 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	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Çfarë donte t’u komunikonte Edi Rama qytetarëve shqiptarë përmes talljes që ai i bëri ftesës së Ilir Metës për t’u ulur në tryezën e opozitës këtë javë?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Ndërsa Z. Meta ndërmori hapin e një ftese institucionale për të gjithë faktorët e së majtës, me qëllim që të krijohej një frymë pozitive e bashkëpunimi përpara zgjedhësve shqiptarë, Z. Rama u përgjigj po institucionalisht se Z. &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Meta&lt;/st1:place&gt; duhet të votojë Partine Socialiste. Kjo fyerje jep tre mesazhe kryesore para qytetarëve shqiptarë.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Mesazhi i parë është se lideri i PS është tejet i papërgjegjshëm në lëvizjet e tij politike. Fatos Nano e cilësoi këtë lëvizje të fundit si ‘foshnjarake’, dhe jo pa të drejtë. Në një moment kaq historik që po kalon Shqipëria, dhe kur shumica e elektoratit të majtë preferon një bashkim të të gjithë të majtës për të mos lejuar vazhdimësinë e qeverisjes Berisha, Edi Rama preferon të bëjë humor duke futur në punë megafonët e cinizmit të tij. Ky diletantizëm politik do të ishte i paimagjinueshëm në një demokraci të konsoliduar perëndimore. Në Europë, atje ku duam të integrohemi eventualisht, një ftesë bashkëpunimi serioze e një subjekti politik ndaj një tjetri nuk do të përballej kurrë me një përgjigje humoristike, pikërisht sepse atje, kaq larg nesh, egziston kodi i etikës së përgjegjshmërisë politike, të paktën në planin mediatik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Mesazhi i dytë, ka të bëjë me mosperfaqësimin e interesave të qytetarëve nga ky drejtues partie që u kërkon votën atyre për t’u bërë kryeministër. ‘Leximi’ që i bëhet përgjigjes së munguar serioze ndaj ftesës së bashkëpunimit, duhet parë në kontekstin e rolit që luan qytetari në botëkuptimin e Z. Rama dhe të rrethit të tij të ngushtë. Refuzimi i ftesës çon në llogjikën se për liderin e PS-së, qytetari është thjesht një element i një audience të gjerë, e cila para dy ditësh pritej të qeshte me të madhe, sikur do ishte duke parë Çanin në një stand-up-show. Parë nga këndvështrimi analitik i fushës së komunikimit, tragji-komedia që ofroi Rama në këtë rast jep mesazhin e liderit që kërkon të bëhet kryeministër përmes talljeve dhe jo programeve, përmes injorimit dhe jo bashkëpunimit, përmes kokëfortësisë dhe jo dinakërisë politike apo aftësisë negociuese që karakterizon politikanët e mëdhenj europianë e amerikanë apo edhe disa të tjerë, të paktë këtu në Shqipëri. Pra qytetarët shqiptarë e kuptuan qartë se duke bërë ftesë për bashkëpunim, &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Meta&lt;/st1:place&gt; mbrojti interesat e zgjedhësve të majtë në pergjithesi ndërsa duke ftuar Metën të votojë nr. 33, Rama mbrojti qartazi interesat e ngushta personale dhe jo interesat e gjera të elektoratit të majtë.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Mesazhi i tretë i Ramës lidhet me ‘të renë’ e politikës që po i ofrohet shqiptarëve ne 2009. Ose që nuk po i ofrohet, më saktësisht. Shqipëria gjithnjë ka vuajtur prej mungesës së etikës së komunikimit dhe profesionalizmit në politikë. Gjatë 19 vjet demokracie eksperimentale, Shqiptarët nuk kanë parë ende një transferim dinjitoz të pushtetit pas zgjedhjeve, përveç ndoshta në 2005. Shqiptarët ende nuk kanë të drejtën e një debati të hapur mes kandidatëve kryesorë që kërkojnë të marrin frenat e vendit në dorë. Ata janë mësuar vetëm me mitingje elektorale, me sharje e akuza të panumërta e vetëm me cinizmin politik që e denigron gjithë qëllimin e bërjes së zgjedhjeve. Shqipëria jo vetëm që nuk ka realizuar ende zgjedhje me standarte europiane, por edhe politikanët e saj nuk kanë krijuar dot frymën e një etike profesionale e qytetarie mes tyre. Dhe parë brenda këtyre rrethanave historiko-politiko-shoqërore në të cilat ka kaluar Shqipëria këta 19 vjet, refuzimi i tryezës së opozitës, na sjell mesazhin e minimit të çdo mundësie për të sjellë një risi të re në politikë-bërjen shqiptare. Qytetari I thjeshtë me të drejtë ulëret: ‘o mik, po s’na the ndonjë gjë të re!’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Shqiptarët janë lodhur tashmë prej retorikave boshe elektorale, realitet që shihet qartë edhe nga mungesa e frymëzimit që lideri i PS-së duhet të kishte ngjallur tek shqiptarët si dhe tek epërsia elektorale që po vihet re tek fushata e PD-së ndaj asaj të PS-së. Dhe pikërisht në këtë moment kaq kritik dhe kyç në historinë e zgjedhjeve shqiptare, pikërisht në kohën kur hapet dritarja e bashkëpunimit të së majtës shqiptare, aq e shumë-dëshiruar prej pjesës dërrmuese të elektoratit, Edi Rama aktivizon instiktet e papërgjegjshmërisë politike duke mos i shërbyer interesit historik e afatgjatë të qytetarëve shqiptarë dhe duke e bërë të qartë se ai nuk ofron dot as imazhin e një politikani të ri në arenën e politikës shqiptare. Kështu ai legjitimizon imazhin e të majtës së përçarë dhe e mjergullon më tej paqartësinë e rezultatit që po karakterizon fushatën parazgjedhore. Kjo, i shërben vetëm Berishës!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-4377361086693358924?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/4377361086693358924/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=4377361086693358924' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/4377361086693358924'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/4377361086693358924'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2009/06/tre-mesazhet-e-foshnjerise-aktuale.html' title='Tre mesazhet e ‘foshnjërisë’ aktuale politike'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/SkH13K4aSfI/AAAAAAAABRQ/SBqcj6vCdW4/s72-c/Meta+Rama.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-371076260725074065</id><published>2009-03-22T12:05:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-03-22T12:08:48.233Z</updated><title type='text'>Sa për kartat, e keni gabim Znj. Pack!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/ScYp5QQ030I/AAAAAAAABKw/RSr_xOJuX9Q/s1600-h/dorispack.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 188px; height: 200px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/ScYp5QQ030I/AAAAAAAABKw/RSr_xOJuX9Q/s200/dorispack.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5315982473752272706" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Nuk i besova veshëve teksa dëgjoja Doris Pack duke folur dje për kartat e identitetit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘Një kartë identiteti falas? Mendoj se nuk egziston në asnjë vend të botës. Aq më tepër që karta këtu në Shqipëri nuk kushton shumë’. Këto ishin fjalët e Kryetares së Delegacionit të Parlamentit Europian për Marrëdhëniet me Europën Jug-Lindore. Të jetë me të vërtetë ky zëri zyrtar i Parlamentit Europian në Shqipëri? Eshtë tërësisht e papërgjegjshme për një euro-parlamentare të referencojë pasaktësi faktuale në shërbim të një argumenti të caktuar politik, dhe t’i përdorë ato për të ushtruar influencë ndaj politikës së brendshme të një vendi të vogël si Shqipëria, për më tepër që ky qëndrim i saj është tejet i anshëm politikisht dhe mbart një mungesë të theksuar serioziteti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do doja shumë të shihja reagimin e kolegëve të tjerë të Znj. Pack në të njëjtin delegacion, nëse do u bëhej e ditur se Kryetarja e tyre këtë radhë, dhe jo për herë të parë, e hapi gojën pa reflektuar paraprakisht dhe pa kontrolluar më parë faktet. Kush vallë ia pëshpërin në vesh faktet Znj. Pack? E them këtë sepse të prononcohesh para mediave se kartat e identitetit nuk jepen falas në asnjë vend të botës, është thjesht e pasaktë. Sa për të sqaruar euro-parlamentaren, (meqë asistentët e saj nuk i paskan bërë detyrat e shtëpisë) jo shumë larg vendit të saj të origjinës, Gjermanisë, kartat e identitetit shpërndahen falas. Bëhet fjalë për vendin fqinj, Francën, ku kartat e identitetit jo vetëm që nuk janë dokumente të detyrueshme, por shpërndahen falas për të gjitha grupmoshat e popullësisë vendase, pa dallim statusi shoqëror. Po ashtu edhe në Izrael, kartat e identitetit janë falas, paçka se ndryshe nga Franca, qytetarët izraelitë e kanë të detyruar të pajisen e t’a mbajnë gjithnjë me vete dokumentin e tyre të identifikimit. Besoj se për hir të argumentit, nuk ia vlen të përmendim këtu edhe vende si Meksika apo Kosova…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ajo që është më absurde është pjesa e dytë e deklaratës së Znj. Pack, që në Shqipëri këto karta nuk janë të kushtueshme. E lehtë për një europiane që fiton 7000 euro në muaj, pa përmendur këtu përfitimet e tjera që ofrohen nga posti, e cila me 10 Euro që kushton një kartë shqiptare blen një grand-latte në një kafene të Brukselit, por aspak e pranueshme për nivelet e mjerueshme të realitetit shqiptar. Le t’a thjeshtojmë pak. Për një familje shqiptare me tre fëmijë e me të ardhura mujore prej 100 Euro, kostoja e tre kartave të identitetit do të përfaqësonte 30% të dietës së tyre mujore. Kurse për një familje me 8 fëmijë, do të ishte një kafshatë që s’do kapërdihej lehtë. Dhe duhet patur parasysh se të paktën 18% e familjeve shqiptare jetojnë në kushte të mjerueshme, nën nivelin e varferisë së toleruar nga Indeksi i OKBsë. Mjafton t’a krahasojmë Shqipërinë me Gjermaninë, vendin e Znj. Pack, ku kartat e identitetit kushtojnë 8 Euro, por ku rroga mesatare mujore është diku tek 2700 Euro. Pra një qytetari gjerman, i duhet vetëm gjysëm ore punë për të mbuluar koston e kartës së tij të identitetit, ndërsa një shqiptari, të paktën 6 orë. Çfarë llogjike matematikore përdor euro-parlamentarja kur shprehet se çmimi i kartës shqiptare nuk është i shtrenjtë?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Këmbëngulja e pakuptimtë e kryeministrit shqiptar këto ditët e fundit dhe amplifikimi i ofruar prej Znj. Pack për të mos i shpërndarë kartat falas, dëshmon qartazi se kemi të bejmë me një diskriminim ndaj shtresave të varfra të popullësisë dhe të rinjve shqiptarë, të cilët jo vetëm që nuk janë në gjendje të paguajnë koston e paisjes me karta identiteti, por që rrjedhimisht nuk do kenë mundësi të votojnë falas. Kjo bie ndesh me kushtetutën dhe me parimet bazë të të drejtave të njeriut, pjesë e të cilave është edhe ushtrimi i votes së lirë. Ajo që po thotë qeveria shqiptare dhe amplifikatori i saj i sotëm, Znj. Pack, është se vota jote kushton 10 Euro dhe se nëse nuk ke para, mos u pajis me dokument identifikimi, dhe mos voto! Le të votojnë të tjerët për ty!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duke kaluar përtej argumentit të opozitës se kartat deri në 28 Qershor për ata që nuk kanë pashaportë duhen shpërndarë falas, do ishte e udhës të pranonim se është më se parimore për një shtet që e detyron qytetarin e tij të pajiset me një dokument identifikimi, t’ia shpërndajë atë falas, si një detyrim moral ndaj tij. Ndërkohë që po ndodh krejt e kundërta: kartat në Shqipëri janë shndërruar në një produkt komercial të një kompanie private, e cila ka siguruar garancinë e ligjit për shitjen e tij.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ku e ka hallin kryeministri Berisha që refuzon me kokëfortësi dhe çfarë donte të thoshte Znj. Pack me deklaratën e saj plot me pasaktësi? A mos është kjo pjesë e llogarive të tij elektorale, ku rezulton se të rinjtë dhe shtresat më të varfëra, të cilat tradicionalisht janë të prirura të votojnë kundër partisë në pushtet, do të ishte më mirë t’u mohohej e drejta e votës? Dhe më e rëndësishme akoma…është e turpshme që përfaqësuesja e Parlamentit Europian në Shqipëri mbështet tezën e kryeministrit dështak në këto llogari të shëmtuara elektorale, duke thyer kështu parimet bazë të asnjanësisë politike që duhet të reflektojë një delegacion i mirëfilltë europian. Dikush duhet t’ia pëshpërisë në vesh këtë gjë Brukselit…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-371076260725074065?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/371076260725074065/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=371076260725074065' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/371076260725074065'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/371076260725074065'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2009/03/sa-per-kartat-e-keni-gabim-znj-pack.html' title='Sa për kartat, e keni gabim Znj. Pack!'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/ScYp5QQ030I/AAAAAAAABKw/RSr_xOJuX9Q/s72-c/dorispack.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-3808471307587551521</id><published>2008-12-28T21:17:00.001Z</published><updated>2008-12-28T21:41:01.825Z</updated><title type='text'>Arsimi shqiptar = frut luksi në buxhetin e radhës</title><content type='html'>Gazeta Shqiptare&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rrënjët e arsimit janë të hidhura, por fruti është i ëmbël, thoshte Aristoteli. Dhe si vend pa të mbjella, Shqipëria nuk ka vjelur asnjë frut të ëmbël këto 17 vjet në fushën e arsimit. Duke patur parasysh se 2009 do jetë viti i llogarive për qeverinë Berisha, le t’i vendosim përballë njëri-tjetrit premtimet dhe arritjet e ekipit të tij.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Në programin qeveritar të 2005, ekipi Berisha i premtoi Shqiptarëve një arsim cilësor dhe masiv nëpërmjet një ndërhyrjeje energjike dhe vizionare. U premtua gjithashtu se arsimi do të arrinte një “nivel Europian duke synuar që shpenzimet publike për edukimin, përfshi atë universitar, të përbënin zërin e parë në buxhetin e shtetit duke arritur në një nivel prej 5% të Prodhimit te Brendshëm Bruto” (PBB). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por sipas projekt-buxhetit të fundit, arsimi jo vetëm që nuk përbën ‘zërin e parë’ të buxhetit por as që nuk i afrohet 5 përqindshit të PBB-së. Në fakt, arsimi është zëri i tretë pas mbrojtjes sociale (23%) dhe çështjeve ekonomike (16%), duke mbetur në nivelin mediokër prej 3,5%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Në mesin e detit të një mijë e një të këqijave, arsimi në Shqipëri vuan nga tre sëmundje kronike – shpenzimi buxhetor i ulët në raport me PBB, financimi mediokër për kokë studenti dhe rënia e shpenzimeve për arsimin profesional. Le t’i marrim me radhë.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Së pari, sipas projekt buxhetit të qeverisë, shpenzimet buxhetore për arsimin në 2009 do të përbëjnë 3.5% të PBB-së. Analizimi më i saktë i financimit arsimor të një vendi është kur ai shihet si përqindje e PBB-së. Ky indikator merr në konsideratë kapacitetin shpenzues të shtetit duke treguar nëse arsimi trajtohet si produkt luksi apo si një nevojshmëri sociale. Në 1991, Shqipëria shpenzonte 5% të PBB për arsimin, trend ky që filloi të binte me ndërrimin e sistemit politik dhe me ardhjen e klasës së re politike të kryesuar prej ish-Presidentit Berisha. Në 1998, shpenzimet buxhetore kapnin shifrën prej 2,8% te PBB-së. Kurse në 2009, qeveria e kryeministrit Berisha do t’i akordojë arsimit 3,5% të PBB-së, shifër kjo që qëndron larg premtimit për 5% që iu bë elektoratit shqiptar në 2005. Mesatarja e vendeve të OECD, forumit ndërkombëtar të 30 demokracive të zhvilluara, është mbi 6%. Vende që i japin prioritet arsimit e tregojnë atë qartë nëpërmjet shpenzimeve buxhetore si përqindje e PBB-së. Për shembull, sipas statistikave të OECD, Danimarka shpenzon 8,5% të PBB ndërsa Norvegjia 7,7%. Edhe vendet e rajonit si Maqedonia harxhojnë shumë më tepër se ne. Ndërsa Shqipëria prej 2005, ka bërë investime minimale. Për më tepër, statistikat e 2005-2009 tregojnë se rritja e buxhetit të arsimit është rritur me një hap më të vogel se vetë rritja e buxhetit të shtetit, gjë që tregon se arsimit në Shqipëri nuk i jepet aspak prioritet, përkundrazi ai vazhdon të trajtohet ende si një produkt luksi. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Së dyti, shpenzimet për arsimin reflektojnë edhe shpërndarjen e fondeve publike për kokë studenti. Krahasimi me mesataren e OECD merr ngjyrë tjetër po të kemi parasysh se mosha mesatare në Shqipëri është 29 vjeç. Ndërkohë, mesatarja e moshës së popullsisë së vendeve të OECD është mbi 40 vjec dhe po pëson rritje nga viti në vit. Pra thënë thjesht, Shqipëria ka një përqindje të madhe të popullsisë së saj që shkon në shkollë, shumë më të madhe se vendet e tjera dhe në këtë kontekst, nevojshmëria për shpenzime buxhetore është shumë herë më e lartë. E parë nga ky këndvështrim, dhe duke patur parasysh edhe shtimin e përvitshëm të numrit të studentëve nëpër shkolla, fakt me të cilin qeveria mburret, mund të konkludojmë se shpenzimet për kokë në Shqipëri po pësojnë rënie. Pra në terma realë, studentët shqiptarë përfitojnë më pak fonde publike për kokë në 2009 se në 1991 dhe shumë më pak se sa bashkëmoshatarët e tyre në vendet e OECD apo në rajon, pavarësisht se ata kanë më tepër nevojë për arsimim. Ky është absurditeti i trishtë i politikës arsimore që i ofrohet studentit shqiptar në shekullin e 21.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Së fundmi, paçka se qeveria e ka për zemër të mburret me ‘prioritetin’ që i jepet arsimit të mesëm profesional në përputhje me tendencat rajonale të zhvillimit ekonomik të tregut të punës, ky prioritet nuk përkthehet dot në shifra. Ndërsa buxheti total i shtetit që prej 2005 ka ardhur duke u rritur, buxheti për arsimin profesional si përqindje e totalit ka ardhur duke rënë, nga 7,24% që ishte në 2005 në 6,9% në 2008. Për të tretin vit rrjesht, shpenzimet publike për arsimin profesional si dhe numri i nxënësve që përfitojnë nga ky lloj arsimimi, kanë pësuar rënie, duke dëshmuar qartë për domethënien e ‘prioritetit’ qeveritar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eshtë e qartë se si individët po ashtu edhe shteti përfitojnë pamasë nga arsimi. Për individët, arsimi ndikon në përmirësimin e mirëqenies së jetës duke shtuar shanset e punësimit. Për shtetin, interesi bazohet tek potenciali i rritjes ekonomike dhe tek zhvillimi i vlerave intelektuale të shoqërisë. Zhvillimi real socio-ekonomik i Shqipërisë duhet të shkojë paralel me një rritje gjigande të shpenzimeve publike për arsimin, duke mos u mbështetur kështu vetëm tek paraja e përkohshme e sektoreve si ndërtimi, por tek përgatitja afatgjatë e një brezi të ri më të kualifikuar e të përgatitur për tregun e ardhshëm Europian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por për qeverinë Berisha, prioriteti që i jepet arsimit ka ngecur në nivele të rëndomta retorike duke mos u përkthyer dot në shifra reale dhe duke mos prekur studentët nëpër shkolla. Shqiptarët duhet të fillojnë të bëjnë llogaritë e kësaj qeverie e t’a kuptojnë se premtimet elektorale të 2005 ishin thjesht pjesë e një retorike boshe dhe se e vetmja mënyrë që qeveria mund t’i mbulojë shifrat me baltë sot – është nëpërmjet spoteve publicitare që po i kushtojnë miliona lekë taksapaguesit shqiptar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Autori është një nga drejtuesit e G99-s, e cila ndërmarrë fushatën "5 %",  për të rritur buxhetin për arsimin.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-3808471307587551521?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/3808471307587551521/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=3808471307587551521' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/3808471307587551521'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/3808471307587551521'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2008/12/arsimi-shqiptar-frut-luksi-n-buxhetin-e.html' title='Arsimi shqiptar = frut luksi në buxhetin e radhës'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-2668696426766659408</id><published>2008-03-17T08:37:00.000Z</published><updated>2008-03-17T08:38:44.652Z</updated><title type='text'>Kjo nuk eshte 'zone' fatkeqesie - kjo eshte 'zone' qeverie!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R94t4bdim7I/AAAAAAAAAPM/aJDh0szIlI8/s1600-h/predha_gerdec.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R94t4bdim7I/AAAAAAAAAPM/aJDh0szIlI8/s200/predha_gerdec.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5178627068990233522" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duke kuptuar momentin e veshtire qe po kalon Shqiperia dhe duke vleresuar dinjitetin e qytetareve per te treguar respekt ndaj familjeve te viktimave gjate katastrofes se radhes ne Shqiperi, nuk mund te qendroj ne heshtje ndaj padrejsise qe po i shkaktohet pafund popullit shqiptar nga injoranca institucionale dhe mungesa e aftesive te politikaneve qe mbajne 'frenat' e vendit. Po po, kjo nuk ishte fateqesi, as tragjedi – por katastrofe dhe keqmenaxhim i plote nga ana e autoriteteve shqiptare. Per kete arsye, duhet filluar sa me pare gjetja e shkaqeve dhe venia para pergjegjesise e fajtoreve te kesaj ngjarjeje. Nese dicka e ketyre permasave do ndodhte ne Angli, ju siguroj qe mediat, opozita dhe grupet civile do i hidheshin ne gryke kryeministrit dhe qeverise nese do kishte arsye per keqmenaxhim. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dhe tek kjo ngjarje, ngado qe i hedh syte mban ere e keqe dhe inefikasitet total. Punetoret e pakualifikuar, prezenca e femijeve ne repart, e inxhinjereve specialiste, forca te pakta te armatosura, mungesa e procedurave te sigurise, tregetia e mundshme e fishekeve, kontrata e kompanise pa tender, jane vetem disa nga arsyet perse ketu ka vend per te uleritur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gjithashtu, ne c’menyre punesohej stafi dhe kush i filtronte detajet e tyre personale dhe aftesite profesionale per te bere nje pune te tille? Pra sa te lehte do ta kishte nje terrorist apo kriminel te futej dhe te punesohej ne baze dhe kur t’i tekej te hidhte ne ere municionet? Perse keta punetore paguheshin me rroga qesharake? Vetem kjo deshmon qarte per nivelin e ulet te aftesive te tyre. Po sigurine ne repart kush e mbante? Cfare rregullash per evakuim te personalit ne rast katastrofe kishte kompania? Sa beri qeveria per minimizimin e risqeve? A kishte inspeksione te vazhdueshme te reparteve te tilla nga ana e min se mbrojtjes? Perse kaq prane aeroportit dhe fshatrave te banuara? Perse kryeministri e quan fatkeqesi dhe jo deshtim??? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le t'i kthehemi fakteve. Sipas VKM (vendim i keshillit te ministrave)  te miratuar nga Qeveria Berisha, Ministria e Mbrojtjes kishte pergjegjesine e mbikëqyrjes se procesit të çmilitarizimit dhe çmontimit të municioneve dhe të nënprodukteve, të rrjedhura prej tyre. Po ne te njejtin VKM thuhet:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Procesi i çmilitarizimit e çmontimit të kryhet nën mbikëqyrjen dhe sigurinë ushtarake të reparteve të Forcave të Armatosura, duke regjistruar me hollësi të dhëna për regjimin, lëvizjen dhe sasinë e municioneve të dorëzuara dhe të atyre të çmontuara e të  çmilitarizuara, si dhe të produkteve të tyre, pas çmontimit dhe çmilitarizimit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pra ku ishin keto forca, sa ishin dhe cfare kane bere deri tani? Cfare mendon komandanti tyre???&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Per t’a prere shkurt - akuzat ndaj qeverise duhet te kishin filluar qe mbreme pa pike hezitimi. Ky eshte nje rast tipik i nje katastrofe te evitueshme dhe eshte 1500% pergjegjesia e qeverise ne fuqi, e cila nuk ka garantuar nje siguri strikte proceduriale per nje operacion te kesaj natyre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ministri i Mbrojtjes Fatmir Mediu duhet te jape doreheqjen menjehere per arsye morale. Komandanti Topi te kerkoje falje publike per deshtimin e forcave te armatosura dhe qeveria Berisha te marre persiper gjithe koston e rindertimit te shtepive dhe demshperblimit te familjeve te viktimave. Pa harruar patjeter, qe pronaret/drejtoret e kompanise si dhe te gjithe personat juridike te implikuar ne kete ceshtje duhet te ndiqen penalisht per t’a zbardhur sa me shpejt kete ngjarje makaber. Ne fund te fundit, duhet pranuar hapur se kjo nuk eshte 'zone' fatkeqesie, sice deklaroi Kryeministri Berisha - kjo eshte 'zone' qeverie!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-2668696426766659408?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/2668696426766659408/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=2668696426766659408' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/2668696426766659408'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/2668696426766659408'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2008/03/kjo-nuk-eshte-zone-fatkeqesie-kjo-eshte.html' title='Kjo nuk eshte &apos;zone&apos; fatkeqesie - kjo eshte &apos;zone&apos; qeverie!'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R94t4bdim7I/AAAAAAAAAPM/aJDh0szIlI8/s72-c/predha_gerdec.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-3757928285879289552</id><published>2008-02-27T18:55:00.000Z</published><updated>2008-02-27T18:59:22.127Z</updated><title type='text'>Churchill would have ratified the EU Treaty</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R8WyorVro_I/AAAAAAAAAN8/t_k_-cMqKOQ/s1600-h/I_want_a_referendum.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R8WyorVro_I/AAAAAAAAAN8/t_k_-cMqKOQ/s200/I_want_a_referendum.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5171736159003059186" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The best argument against democracy is a five-minute conversation with the average voter&lt;/span&gt;’. Churchill’s famous dictum could be very helpful to British MPs as they engage into the latest row over the EU Treaty. Some of them have even formed a cross-party group which brands itself as the “I Want a Referendum” gang. Today their members, mainly Tories, Lib Dems and some Labour, as well as a bunch of campaigners formed a long queue by the Parliament, demanding a referendum before any ratification is implemented by the British Government. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A few weeks ago I used to believe in a referendum, mainly because of Brown’s incapacity to show any public transparency on EU matters. His stubborn continuation in the lamentable footpaths of former British Prime Ministers, who have always treated the EU as the “forbidden apple” subject, inspired a sort of quiet rebellion within me. Until today! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Churchill woke my senses up this morning as I was watching David Cameron pick the wrong fight during PM’s Questions…AGAIN. One does not need Einstein’s brain to see through the shallow Tory strategy of attempting to mobilise public support by employing cheap forms of populism. Blame it on Europe and get the average Brit excited about politics. Spit on Brussels and “Joe the six-pack” will vote in your favour…as he doesn’t have a clue! How can he/she understand when there is so little public awareness of Europe in the UK? The Brits still talk of Europeans as another ‘breed’ – such strange beings with organised manners and a relaxed approach to life. Such a threat to the shambolic ways of the Brits!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Westminster is today suffering from cheap politics and the subject deserves to be revisited properly. First of all, this is the wrong fight to pick. Cameron would strike better chords with the public if he attacks Brown where it hurts. Instead of a referendum, the Tory ‘Musketeer’ should concentrate on Joe’s real issues, such as why the UK ranks 17th in the Euro Health Consumer Index, still lagging behind European counterparts when it comes to basic healthcare…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the other side, Gordon Brown should come out of his timidity and confront his opponents with passion, as this remains the miraculous remedy in politics. Remember Tony Blair? Brown’s Government has a responsibility to explain to the average voter that the EU Treaty will in effect simplify matters and will play in favour of the island’s electorate. Same responsibility lies with the Tory and Lib Dem leaders. They should first explain to their constituents what the Treaty is about and then ask them to vote in a referendum. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Have they told the average Brit for example of how the Treaty will get rid of the current rotating EU presidency and replace it with a President, who may even be Tony Blair? How the Treaty will give Europe a bigger voice in world affairs and that this will be complementary to the foreign policies of each member state? And how the average Brit’s representation in international politics will increase? Do they know that the Treaty will result in fewer EU Commissioners than there are today – satisfying precisely one of the primary concerns of the UK with the EU Commission? Does Joe know that the Treaty offers the UK an opt-out from European policies concerning asylum, visas and immigration?  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judging by Churchill’s famous speech in 1946 that ‘we must build a kind of United States of Europe’, the average Brit today would have continued with their beer drinking and Churchill would have swiftly implemented the ratification of the EU Treaty. Brown should do the same!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-3757928285879289552?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/3757928285879289552/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=3757928285879289552' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/3757928285879289552'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/3757928285879289552'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2008/02/churchill-would-have-ratified-eu-treaty.html' title='Churchill would have ratified the EU Treaty'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R8WyorVro_I/AAAAAAAAAN8/t_k_-cMqKOQ/s72-c/I_want_a_referendum.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-248926847860674794</id><published>2008-02-18T17:20:00.003Z</published><updated>2008-02-27T17:11:00.149Z</updated><title type='text'>Ralf Gjoni on SKY NEWS Live commenting on Kosova's Independence</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R7teVrVro-I/AAAAAAAAANc/BU6-G6-T7Hg/s1600-h/Ralf_Gjoni_Sky_News_17.02.08.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R7teVrVro-I/AAAAAAAAANc/BU6-G6-T7Hg/s200/Ralf_Gjoni_Sky_News_17.02.08.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5168828723841704930" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://youtube.com/watch?v=YcxkCLWHoMI"&gt;Video Link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://london.mjaft.org/"&gt;Mjaft! London Club&lt;/a&gt; engaged in a very proactive media campaign during the days leading to the Declaration of Independence in Prishtina. Through a press release sent to all British news outlets, Mjaft! London Club joined the citizens of Kosova in their celebrations for the newborn state and supports Kosovo's independence as the only viable option towards long-term stability in the region and support the efforts of its new government towards Euro-Atlantic integration. In addition, Mjaft! London Club opposes any moves by Serbia and Russia to block any development efforts in the next few months.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In particular, we would like to throw our support behind the newly approved EU Mission in Kosovo and its police and justice force which will ensure operational continuity in the country, taking over from UNMIK.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ralf Gjoni, Director of MJAFT! London Club was invited as a special guest by SKY NEWS in London to comment during the outlet's full coverage of the Declaration of Independence. MJAFT! was congratulated and recognised by SKY for its efforts in campaigning for Kosovo's independence in international circles through its lobbying and public affairs campaigns. When asked 'why now?' by SKY presenter Samantha Simmonds, Ralf Gjoni responded 'Why not now? This day is 20 years late and is a very special day for us, the Albanian people and the entire region. Kosova should have gained independence in 1989, and it has taken almost 20 years to make that dream reality. This long awaited move will help clarify the messy political instability created by Serbia's political class in the region. Serbia should now start looking towards Brussels not Prishtina.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ralf was invited to stay LIVE on TV to translate and comment for over two hours as the events of independence were unfolding in Prishtina. During the interview he added: 'Today, Serbia should wake up and accept the new geo-political reality in the region. Today we have a new Republic of Kosova and the Serbs in the north should make every effort to integrate in this new state. PM Thaci has made it clear that this will be a Kosova of all citizens and communities. The Albanians have clearly made their choice – and that is EU integration. Now it is time for the Serbs to make their choice known to the world: either they want to be in Europe or they stay isolated as a Russian satellite. At MJAFT!  – we have always been firm believers in Europe and aspire for a common future of the Balkans in Europe. There no reason why the future of our generation should be held hostage by Serbian nationalism anymore'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to SKY NEWS, &lt;a href="http://london.mjaft.org/"&gt;Mjaft! London Club&lt;/a&gt; secured the Press Association's support during the activities in London and generated substantial interest among other major outlets and political audiences.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-248926847860674794?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/248926847860674794/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=248926847860674794' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/248926847860674794'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/248926847860674794'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2008/02/ralf-gjoni-on-sky-news-live-commenting.html' title='Ralf Gjoni on SKY NEWS Live commenting on Kosova&apos;s Independence'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jxrPvu-u7Yo/R7teVrVro-I/AAAAAAAAANc/BU6-G6-T7Hg/s72-c/Ralf_Gjoni_Sky_News_17.02.08.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-4457691902354993206</id><published>2008-01-21T16:11:00.000Z</published><updated>2008-01-21T16:17:37.743Z</updated><title type='text'>The "gravedigger" comes back to Belgrade!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://i.l.cnn.net/cnn/2008/WORLD/europe/01/19/Serbia.elections/art.nikolic.afp.gi.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px;" src="http://i.l.cnn.net/cnn/2008/WORLD/europe/01/19/Serbia.elections/art.nikolic.afp.gi.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"&gt;And… they have done it again! The Serbs do not seize to amaze me with their incredible stubbornness which has now become a sort of national relic and a defining feature of their national identity. As Tomislav Nikolic, leader of the Radical Party of Serbia awaits confirmation of his victory in the first round of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;’s presidential elections I couldn’t help but reflect with horror on the dark days of 1989 when Milosevic was elected to the same position. And what a path it has been for &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and the entire region ever since… Today, people in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Kosovo&lt;/st1:City&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, the rest of the Balkans and among EU countries will be asking WHY? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Perhaps his nickname “gravedigger” suits him well. If elected in the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; round of February, Nikolic will almost certainly dig the grave of Milosevic’s dangerous nationalist rhetoric and take &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; a few hundred steps backward in their path towards EU integration and prosperity. His party’s leader, Vojislav Seselj, is currently on trial at the UN's war-crimes tribunal in &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;The Hague&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt; for murder and “ethnic cleansing” during the Balkan wars of the 1990s. Sadly, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;’s politicians are faced with a Catch-22. Almost all of them understand and quietly accept that Kosovo never belonged to &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and that the country would be better off without “its” province – but no one has the courage to accept it publicly. Almost all of them hate Kosovo and its people, but no one would even dare to question its status as the “cradle of Serb civilisation” - otherwise they loose their electability! The “neglected cradle” is a nickname that would perhaps suit the province better! Yet, today, they say, Kosovo was the determining factor of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;’s presidential elections. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Almost 10 years after what Milosevic and its widely popular war machine did in Kosovo, the Serbs still find it hard to come to terms with reality. As Kosovo’s politicians prepare to declare independence (most probably by the end of February), and with de-facto assurances from the US and EU members that its statehood would be recognized sometime in May, Serbia is still unable to deliver itself from the dark clouds of nationalism that have crippled the country’s GDP growth and economic development. GDP per capita in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; remains at a mere $4,400 for &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; (including Kosovo) (2005 est.). Try comparing that with thatSlovenia, the first republic to break away from &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Yugoslavia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; – currently at an impressive $23,400 (2006 est.). Shouldn’t that perhaps be the decisive factor in the head of the typical Serbian voter? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"&gt;If Nikolic is confirmed as its new President and Commander of Armed Forces in February, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; will face huge risks of regression, positioning itself even further away from EU integration and opting for a Belarus-like isolation. Perhaps the Serbs will be happy with a cold war prototype, Russian satellite type country while the rest of the region, Kosovo included, advances in their steady and prosperous economic boom. For the moment, the “gravedigger” has come back to &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Belgrade&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt;… Analyze that!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-4457691902354993206?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/4457691902354993206/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=4457691902354993206' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/4457691902354993206'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/4457691902354993206'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2008/01/gravedigger-comes-back-to-belgrade.html' title='The &quot;gravedigger&quot; comes back to Belgrade!'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-6372341272429770215</id><published>2007-07-25T20:35:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2007-07-25T20:38:19.186+01:00</updated><title type='text'>PRESIDENCA: ÇELËSI I SUKSESIT TË TOPIT!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.albmuzika.com/img/tirane_teleferik_rama_topi_dokle.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 169px; height: 156px;" src="http://www.albmuzika.com/img/tirane_teleferik_rama_topi_dokle.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Më në fund Shqipëria e gjeti presidentin e saj dhe telenovela e stërgjatur mori fund këtë të Martë kur Presidenti i ri Bamir Topi mori në dorëzim kushtetutën e vendit nga ish presidenti Moisiu. Uuuuuuufffffffff! Tani të gjithë mund të marrim frymë thellë dhe populli mund të përqëndrohet në sfidat e vështira të jetës shqiptare, tek dritat, uji, punësimi, shëndetësia e tek një mijë e një të këqijat që e rrethon atë përditë. Nuk duhet harruar se përgatitjet shpirtërore dhe ankthi i popullit shqiptar për zgjedhjen e presidentit filluan që pas zgjedhjeve lokale të Shkurtit, kur në mesin e mjegullës së shpalljes së rezultateve zgjedhore, klasa politike shqiptare ndezi motorët e prodhimit të thashethemeve rreth kandidatit të ardhshëm për president dhe mundësisë së zgjedhjeve të parakohshme. Fundi i fundit nuk mund t’i fajësosh politikanët. Devijimi i vëmendjes së popullit nga problemet reale tek flluskat e argumentit politik është teknikë e vjetër politike që tashmë është bërë ‘a la mode’ në Shqipëri. Harro dritat dhe mendo për presidentin! Ky është mesazhi që trumbeton në veshët e qytetarëve prej kohësh dhe që dëshmon qartë për kalbëzimin e cilësisë së politikë-bërjes Shqiptare. Dhe ky kalbëzim u pa haptaz edhe javën e kaluar në parlament. Shqipëria zgjodhi Presidentin e duhur, por në mënyrë të shëmtuar. Duhet theksuar se Bamir Topi ishte kandidati i preferuar i popullit e jo i shumicës së parlamentarëve. Sipas sondazhit të realizuar në Qershor 2007 nga ESI dhe Instituti Agenda, në rastin e një zgjedhjeje popullore, 34% e qytetarëve do të votonin Topin për President, mbi Moisiun, Nanon dhe Godon. Gjithashtu sipas të njëjtit sondazh, niveli i besimit tek institucioni i Presidencës nga qytetarët është shumë më i lartë se sa tek bashkia, policia, qeveria apo drejtësia. Këto të dhëna reflektohen edhe nga sondazhi i NDI apo pyetësorë të tjerë të realizuar nga platformat mediatike. Pra është e qartë se Bamir Topi ishte i preferuari i popullit dhe se ardhja e tij në detyrën e kreut të shtetit do e përballë atë me një nivel të lartë të besueshmërisë ndaj institucionit që drejton. Parë nga ky këndvështrim, sfidat e Presidentit Topi do të jenë gjigande dhe testuese për pastërtinë politike që ai ka reflektuar gjatë viteve të fundit. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Sfida më e madhe e presidencës padyshim do të jetë influenca që Topi duhet të ushtrojë për t’a pastruar sadopak politikën shqiptare nga fenomeni i shëmtuar i pazarit politik, pjellë e të cilit në mënyrë ironike ishte edhe vetë zgjedhja e tij. Tashmë nuk është më thashethem se paçka se ishte kandidati i duhur, Z. Topi triumfoi si produkt i një pazari djallëzor dhe se Presidenca iu ‘dhurua’ nga Fatos Nano dhe 6 deputetë-lëpirësit e tij, të cilët ‘respektuan’ kushtetutën dhe shmangën rrëshqitjen e vendit drejt zgjedhjeve të parakohshme…’për hir të kombit’. Asnjëri prej nesh nuk i donte zgjedhjet e parakohshme, por njëkohësisht nuk donim as institucionalizimin e pazarit politik si vlerë parlamentare. E pra kjo e fundit ndodhi, dhe jo për faj të Topit, por si produkt i natyrshëm i klimës konfliktuale që mbizotëron në politikën shqiptare. Refuzimi i pakuptueshëm i opozitës për t’u futur në parlament si dhe kokëfortësia e mazhorancës për të gjetur një kompromis, çuan në krijimin e kushteve të përshtatshme klimateripolitike, ‘lagështirën’ e nevojshme prej nga mbiu kërpudha e pazarit që shpëtoi vendin nga zgjedhjet e parakohshme. Zgjedhja e presidentit këtë radhë ndryshon nga ajo e kaluara - Shqipëria e zgjodhi presidentin e saj në mënyrë kushtetuese por jo konsensuale, me tregëti deputetësh por jo me votë të shëndetshme parlamentare. Nuk ka si të mos jetë ndjerë ngushë Z. Topi në mes të emocioneve të betimit. Këtu pra, tek kundërshtimi i pazareve dhe rigjetja e konsensusit të humbur politik qëndron edhe çelësi i suksesit të Topit si President. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Bamir Topi njihet si një parlamentar që i është shmangur gjithnjë sulmeve të ulta personale duke u përqëndruar në gjetjen e një pike të përbashkët mes të dy palëve. Kjo i ka dhënë atij imazhin e një politikani me integritet dhe të moralshëm. Për këtë arsye e kishte të sigurt edhe votën popullore. Pra në këtë pikë, ai ka përvojën e duhur dhe besueshmëri të mjaftueshme për të filluar proçesin e pajtimit politik. Mazhoranca dhe opozita nuk kanë nevojë të bien dakort për çdo gjë. Përkundrazi, ato përfaqësojnë krahe të kundërta të spektrit politik. Kjo është mëse normale në një demokraci. Por debati mes tyre duhet bërë vetëm mbi platforma kushtetuese, profesionale dhe etike, duke iu larguar gradualisht mediokritetit të sulmeve personale. Në këtë rast, Presidenca mund të kthehet shumë mirë në një institucion arbitrar dhe nxitës për politikë-bërjen shqiptare, duke inkurajuar profesionalizimin e funksionimit të saj. Duke matur pulsin e popullit dhe shqetësimeve kryesore të qytetarëve, Presidenti mund të sigurojë orientimin e politikës drejt çështjeve me rëndësi duke tentuar mënjanimin e krizave kronike që kanë marrë peng vendin. Moisiu e tha bukur në fund të mandatit të tij se ‘politikanët shqiptarë kakarisin si pulat’. Topi i ka të gjitha shanset për të ulur ndjeshëm nivelin e ‘kakarisjes’ dhe për të përmirësuar cilësinë e debatit publik. Për t’a arritur këtë, Presidentit do t’i duhet të bashkëpunojë afër jo vetëm me klasën poltike, por edhe me aktorët e shoqërisë civile, spektrin mediatik dhe me elementët intelektualë të diasporës, duke mundësuar kështu moralitetin e argumentit të tij politik. Sot, Bamir Topi gdhihet President i Republikës së Shqipërisë, vendit të bukur pa drita, me burime plot në male e pa ujë në shtëpira, anës vijës së B&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;E-së dhe pa standarte brenda saj, me trurin e rrjedhur jashtë e me injorancën politike brenda që e ka bllokuar totalisht zhvillimin e tij socio-ekonomik. Vetëm duke lënë pas afilimin e tij partiak të të kaluarës dhe duke adresuar çështjet jetike të vendit, Bamir Topi do mund t’i sigurojë mandatit të tij presidencial kredibilitetin dhe integritetin e nevojshëm për të dalë mbi natyrën konfliktuale të politikës së ndryshkur shqiptare.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-6372341272429770215?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/6372341272429770215/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=6372341272429770215' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/6372341272429770215'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/6372341272429770215'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2007/07/presidenca-elsi-i-suksesit-t-topit.html' title='PRESIDENCA: ÇELËSI I SUKSESIT TË TOPIT!'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-8212692968503991978</id><published>2007-07-25T20:33:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2007-07-25T20:35:11.879+01:00</updated><title type='text'>EKUACIONI SOCIO-EKONOMIK I TAKSËS SË SHESHTË</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Gjatë javëve të ardhshme, një nga temat më të zjarrta që do debatohet përvec asaj të presidentit do të jetë implementimi i taksës së sheshtë, që njihet ndryshe si Flat Tax. Taksa e sheshtë është një nga elementët më të rëndësishëm të reformës fiskale të qeverisë Berisha e cila nuk ka ngurruar t’a prazantojë atë si formulën magjike të luftës kundër informalitetit dhe si ilacin e thithjes së investimeve të huaja, paçka se baza kërkimore e efekteve ekonomike të kësaj takse është tepër e luhatshme. Teorikisht, taksa e sheshtë nënkupton një sistem tatimor me një nivel të vetëm taksimi mbi të ardhurat personale të individit dhe mbi fitimin korporativ në rastin e të ardhurave të një biznesi. Pra në dukje, taksa e sheshtë do të thjeshtësojë tej mase sitemin tatimor nga një nivel progresiv me shkallë të ndryshme taksimi në varësi të shumës së fitimit, në një sitem të vetëm me një taksë unike mbi të gjitha të ardhurat. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Taksa e sheshtë identifikohet prej kohësh si taksa e Europës Lindore e cila tashmë është kthyer në një terren eksperimentues për disa nga teoritë revolucionare ekonomike të Perëndimit. Në 1990 aplikohej terapia e famshme e shokut ndërsa sot pionerët lindorë po flirtojnë me taksën e sheshtë. Kjo taksë filloi të implementohej për herë të parë në 1994 nga &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Estonia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; si një alternativë ndaj sistemit të komplikuar progresiv që shpeshherë është parë si një dekurajues i investimeve ekonomike të një vendi. Dhe realisht ekonomia Estoniane filloi të lulëzonte shumë shpejt, megjithëse nuk është e qartë nëse ky ishte reaultat i taksës së sheshtë. Vende të tjera si Lituania dhe Letonia iu bashkangjitën valës së nisur nga Estonianët. Më pas e aplikoi edhe &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Rusia&lt;/st1:City&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, Ukraina, Sllovakia, &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Gjeorgjia&lt;/st1:City&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Rumania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; dhe këtë vit edhe fqinjët tanë &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Mali&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; i Zi e Maqedonia. Mes këtyre vendeve taksa e sheshtë varion nga 12% - 26%. Por Shqipëria ka vendosur t’a thyejë rekordin duke e aplikuar atë me 10%. Asnjë ekspert apo zyrtar i qeverisë nuk është në gjendje të na e shpjegojë qartë përse 10%. Ndoshta për të tërhequr vëmendjen mediatike dhe për të bërë pakëz zhurmë sic u bë me nismën Shqipëria=1 Euro. Nga ana tjetër aktorë të shoqërisë civile janë shprehur kundër taksës së sheshtë si një masë që do të ndikojë negativisht mbi shtresën më të varfër të vendit duke i dhënë prioritet të pasurve që do të pasurohen më tepër. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Qeveria argumenton se taksa e sheshtë do të ulë ndjeshëm evazionin fiskal duke inkurajuar bizneset dhe individët të deklarojnë fitimet e tyre. Gjithashtu kjo taksë do të inkurajonte thithjen e investimeve të huaja përderisa investitorët do të përballeshin me një sistem më të thjeshtë dhe më të ulët taksimi, megjithëse është e qartë se investitorët e huaj nuk rrinë larg Shqipërisë prej taksave por prej mungesës së infrastrukturës dhe instabilitetit politik. Sidoqofte, jo vetëm qeveria aktuale Shqiptare por edhe mbrojtësit e flaktë të taksës së sheshtë në të gjithë botën janë të bindur se një sitem i vetëm taksimi do të ushqente rritjen ekonomike të një vendi nëpërmjet uljes së kostos burokratike, nxitjes së gjenerimit të kapitalit dhe tërheqjes së investimeve të huaja. Pra teorikisht, një sistem më efikas dhe më i thjeshtë tatimor do të siguronte rritjen e të ardhurave në buxhetin e shtetit. Nga ky këndvështrim, kjo tingëllon me të vërtetë si një formulë magjike, por nga ana praktike është ende herët të gjykojmë suksesin e taksës së sheshtë në vendet lindore. Efektet afatgjatë mbi ekonominë kombëtare të një vendi duan edhe disa vite për t’u analizuar në mënyrë të plotë. Nga i gjithë blloku lindor, Rusia është ndoshta i vetmi vend që përbën një shembull pozitiv. Në 1998, të ardhurat federale të shtetit Rus përbënin vetëm 12% të prodhimit kombëtar brut (GDP) duke vështirësuar pagesat ndaj kreditorëve. Ne 2001, Rusia i sheshoi të gjitha taksat në një të vetme në nivelin 13%.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Pas një viti, fitimi nga tatimi mbi të ardhurat personale pësoi një rritje prej 26% dhe rrogat u rritën me 12%. Gjithashtu ekspertët ekonomikë vunë re një rritje të deklarimit të të ardhurave personale nga shtresat më të pasura të shoqërisë. Për rrjedhojë, kjo pati ndikim pozitiv mbi buxhetin e shtetit. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style=""&gt;Por nëse shohim anën tjetër të monedhës, ekonomistë të shumtë në botë e kundërshtojnë taksën e sheshtë si një formulë magjike për rritjen e mirëqënies së një vendi duke analizuar efektet socio-ekonomike të një sistemi të sheshtë. Në Shqipëri, aktorë të shoqërisë civile kanë shprehur rezervimet e tyre duke argumentuar se regjimi i taksës së sheshtë do të ndikojë në theksimin e pabarazisë sociale nëpërmjet zhvendosjes së barrës fiskale nga subjektet fitimprurëse tek individët, kryesisht mbi familjet me të ardhura të ulëta e mesatare. Sipas raportit të fundit të Institutit AGENDA, barra fiskale do të përjetohet rëndë nga shtresat e varfra dhe të mesme dhe për rrjedhojë do të ketë efekte negative mbi rritjen ekonomike të vendit. Në krahasim me sistemin aktual të taksimit progresiv, individët me paga deri 14,000 lekë (të reja) do të pësojnë një rritje të taksave të tyre nën rregjimin e taksës së sheshtë. Rrjedhimisht ulja e shumës së parave neto për shtresën e ulët dhe të mesme do të ketë ndikim të drejtpërdrejtë në kërkesën agregate në treg sepse këto dy kategori konsumatorësh janë ato të ashtuquajturit konsumatorë të masës. Pra thënë thjesht, edhe pse biznesi mund të ketë më tepër lehtësime fiskale, ai do të shesë më pak produkte tek masat blerëse që në fakt do të kenë më pak para në dispozicion për të harxhuar. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style=""&gt;Ajo që duket qartë në mesin e kësaj mjegulle teorike, është se e gjithë klasa politike shqiptare vuan nga mungesa e aftësive profesionale në debatimin e çështjeve me rëndësi dhe me efekte afatgjatë mbi ekonominë e tregut. Nuk duhet harruar se në 16 vjet tranzicion, Shqipëria aplikoi mbrapsht terapinë e shokut, ndërtoi ekonominë e saj mbi skema të errëta piramidale duke çuar në një kolaps ekonomik dhe social të vendit dhe po vuan ende nga epidemia e pashërueshme e instabilitetit politik. Zhvillimi ekonomik dhe social i vendit është marrë peng nga personalizimi banal i politikës duke i dhënë çdo çështjeje madhore ngjyra partiake pa ofruar asnjë alternative profesionale bazuar mbi themele të forta kërkimore. Ajo që sot është më e nevojshme se kurrë është që e gjithë klasa politike Shqiptare, pa dallime partiake, t’i largohet politikave retorike dhe të tregohet më e hapur ndaj analizave të ekspertëve të shoqërisë civile e cila po tregon aftësi më të forta profesionale duke ofruar analiza tejet të vlefshme për ecurinë socio-ekonomike të Shqipërisë. Aplikimi i taksës së sheshtë duhet t’i nënshtrohet një debati të hapur të të gjithë spektrit politik e shoqëror për të arritur një zgjidhje optimale dhe afatgjatë. Vetëm një transparencë e tillë mund të japë shembullin e një qeverie që i jep prioritet konsultimit para implementimit, sidomos kur bëhet fjalë për një ndërhyrje politike që mund të rezultojë në pasurimin e të pasurve dhe në varfërimin e të varfërve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-8212692968503991978?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/8212692968503991978/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=8212692968503991978' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/8212692968503991978'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/8212692968503991978'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2007/07/ekuacioni-socio-ekonomik-i-takss-s.html' title='EKUACIONI SOCIO-EKONOMIK I TAKSËS SË SHESHTË'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-289910787462700343</id><published>2007-06-13T20:21:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2007-06-13T20:35:04.354+01:00</updated><title type='text'>TRAVESTIA PRESIDENCIALE</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos7.flickr.com/7973574_d8f7529696_m.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://photos7.flickr.com/7973574_d8f7529696_m.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Dje &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;rastisa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt; të merrja pjesë në debatin e parlamentit britanik ku kryeministri Toni Bler dhe David Kamerun i partisë opozitare, si dhe disa prej figurave më të njohura të politikës britanike diskutonin çështjet më të rëndësishme të takimit G8. Paçka se është e disata herë që ndjek debatet parlamentare, në çdo rast dal i mahnitur nga respekti total që parlamentarët kanë për protokollin apo për kryetarin e parlamentit që kur ngrihet në këmbë nuk hap dot gojën as vetë kryeministri. Për të mos përmendur pastaj etikën e sjelljes, gjuhën e sofistikuar me të cilën komunikojnë dhe artikulojnë çështjet e ditës, thellësinë analitike të argumentimit dhe cilësinë tejet të lartë të debatit parlamentar. Dje psh, kreu i opozitës e falenderoi Blerin për kontributin e tij gjatë G8-ës. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Kthehem në shtëpi dhe në kontrast të plotë lexoj lajmet nga Tirana ku mësoj se menjëherë pas vizitës se Bushit, opozita e majtë vendos të bojkotojë &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;turin&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; e parë të zgjedhjes së presidentit në 20 Qershor. Një lëvizje jashtëzakonisht e gabuar, dëmtuese për ecurinë politike të Shqipërisë dhe tepër e rrezikshme, që sugjeron hapat e mëtejshëm të proçesit. Nga ana tjetër, vetëm një javë para turit të parë, Bamir Topi ende nuk ka mbledhur firmat e nevojshme për zyrtarizimin e kandidaturës së tij. Fatos Nano deri tani është i vetmi kandidat që ka bërë hapat e duhur politikë dhe mediatik për president. Kështu pra, po zyrtarizohet travestia e fundit politike që po ndodh me zgjedhjen e presidentit të ardhshëm shqiptar. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Më lejoni t’ju rrëfej travestitët. Duke lënë mënjanë detajet juridike dhe kushtetuese të zgjedhjes së presidentit, vendimi i opozitës për të bojkotuar proçesin është i papërgjegjshëm dhe mbi të gjitha anti-demokratik. Bojkoti, në çdo sens të fjalës është një praktikë e pakuptimtë në një demokraci. Kur populli jep votën, ai pret nga deputetët e tij të ulen e të diskutojnë çështjet madhore në tryezën e parlamentit dhe jo para kamerave e mikrofonëve të mediave. Me këtë lëvizje të fundit, opozita dhe me në vecanti Rama, ka treguar se është tepër e lehtë të tallesh me votën dhe fatin e popullit. Ndërsa Rama prej muajsh akuzon Berishën për mungesë profesionalizmi, ai vetë shpeshherë bëhet më Berishian se Berisha duke imituar në mënyrë të shëmtuar opozitën e hershme. Njëkohësisht, ai &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;del&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; kundër kandidimit të Nanos duke mos propozuar asnjë alternativë zyrtare. Kjo sjellje konfliktuale ka kohë që po ndikon për keq mbi imazhin e vendit në botën perëndimore dhe në të njëjtën kohë po nënvizon gjithnjë e më tepër diletantizmin karakteristik të politikanëve shqiptarë. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Duhet kujtuar se që në momentin që mori drejtimin e&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;PS-së, Rama e filloi karrierën e tij me kërcënime për zgjedhje të parakohshme. Ndërsa nga njëra anë kritikonte kodin zgjedhor si të papranueshëm, nga ana tjetër e shihte të arsyeshme të futej në zgjedhje të reja po me të njëjtin kod. Eshtë bërë traditë tashmë që opozitat shqiptare bëjnë opozitë diletante, duke akuzuar e kërcënuar pa ofruar asnjë alternativë politikëbërjeje në tavolinë. Kjo do të përsëritet me konfliktin e radhës që do të gatuhet mbi zjarrin e presidentit.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Megjithëse është shumë e lehtë të kritikosh Berishën, është e rëndësishme që përgjegjësia në rastin e një krize eventuale këtë radhë të mbahet edhe nga opozita, për mungesën e vullnetit për të kontribuar në zgjidhjen e klimës konfliktuale që ka marrë peng zhvillimin socio-ekonomik të Shqipërisë dhe jetën e qytetarëve të thjeshtë. Kjo etikë skandaloze politike nuk duhet toleruar më në vendin tonë, sidomos tani që Kosova ka më shumë se kurrë nevojë për ne. Këtë kam patur mundësi t’a konfirmoj me politikanë të ndryshëm në Bruksel, Londër dhe &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;Washington&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; të cilët janë të lidhur me Shqipërinë prej vitesh. Nuk duhet të ketë dyshim që bota po e sheh Shqipërinë si një vend travestie politike.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Por nga këndvështrimi strategjik, ajo që po duket qartë gjithnjë e më tepër është se paqartësia e të dyja anëve për çështjen e presidentit po i shërben vetëm një njeriu i cili është duke fërkuar duart në këtë moment, Fatos Nanos. Duke patur parasysh kostumin e ngjyrave konsensuale që ish-kryeministri shqiptar po na tregon kohët e fundit, është e qartë që vetëm Nano përfiton nga krijimi i konfliktit. Turi i parë duket tashmë se do jetë një dështim i plotë. Pastaj do plasin sherret nga të dyja anët me ‘kakarisjet’ e politikanëve që do kamuflohen nën petkun e retorikës së gjetjes së konsensusit duke shtruar kështu qylymin e kuq për Mesi Shpëtimtarin, presidentin e pajtimit, kandidaturën e qëndrueshme, Fatos Nanon. Ky i fundit, tepër dinak dhe i zgjuar për nga natyra, paçka se ka shkuar apo jo tre herë këtë vit në parlament, do na japë leksione se si arrihet konsensusi dhe se si pajtohen palët. Këtu pra do të thuret pazari i radhës dhe e ardhmja e errët e Shqipërisë. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Tashmë është e qartë se kjo është e vetmja mënyrë që Berisha të sigurojë vazhdimësinë e tij politike, Rama të ndalojë ndarjen e PS dhe Nano të kënaqë egocentrizmin e tij të tmerrshëm. Populli ndërkohë, do vazhdojë të qëndrojë me gisht në gojë se këtë radhë as të drejtën e votës apo opinionit nuk e ka. Sidoqoftë, populli shqiptar duhet të jetë aq i pjekur sa t’a kuptojë se klasa jonë politike është duke orkestruar zëvendësimin e periudhës së tranzicionit me një fazë tjetër, edhe më të sofistikuar se ajo e para, atë të institucionalizimit te pazarit si ‘vlerë’ të vërtetë të politikës shqiptare.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-289910787462700343?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/289910787462700343/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=289910787462700343' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/289910787462700343'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/289910787462700343'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2007/06/travestia-presidenciale.html' title='TRAVESTIA PRESIDENCIALE'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-114952817886458555</id><published>2006-06-05T18:13:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2006-06-05T18:48:30.790+01:00</updated><title type='text'>The Albanian Diaspora – Foreign Policy Actor *</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.cartercenter.org/images/world_map.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://www.cartercenter.org/images/world_map.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-style: italic; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;"  &gt;* Taken from "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:78%;" &gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;" &gt;The Role of &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;" &gt;In The Kosovo Crisis: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why did &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;" &gt; not play the nationalist card&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;" &gt; in its foreign policy?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:78%;" &gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;" &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;By Ralf Gjoni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;          &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Historically, the Albanian Diaspora has played an important role in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;’s process of state formation and its nationalism since the dawn of Albanian renaissance in the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century until the emergence of the KLA and the war in Kosovo. In the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, the diaspora was part of a broader cultural revolution which Albanian intellectuals undertook in order to promote the publishing of Albanian language literature. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The reason why the Albanian renaissance gave so much attention to the linguistic scholarship and literature was because language was probably the strongest evidence of an Albanian homogeneity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;In a nation where three religions could become a major obstacle to unity, it seems logical that the foundation of a national identity lie in the strengthening of its language and culture. This was probably the most efficient tool for Albanians who already possessed one of the oldest indo-European languages clearly distinguishable from that of the Serbs or the Greeks. Since the Ottoman authorities had strictly prohibited the use of Albanian language in written texts, the task of developing an arsenal of Albanian literature was carried by societies set up by the diaspora. Although a few of these societies were attempted secretly in Albania, more were centered among Albanian expatriates who for political, religious or economic reasons had migrated to Constantinople, Romania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Greece and the United States. Their aim was to promote the use of the Albanian language and thus stimulate the national consciousness and strengthen the bonds of unity among all Albanians.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Similarly, the 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century diaspora played a crucial role in the establishment and financing of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) as well as influencing a media war which played into the legitimization of the imagery of Serbs as oppressors and Albanians as victims.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Diasporas tend to be more nationalistic than the home country for a number of reasons. First, their geographical division with their home makes them more prone to nostalgia, thus feeding into the construction of stronger myths. Second, as it has been evident through many years of Albanian emigration, diasporas feel the need to express their solidarity with the home country, thus materializing their emotional attachment into political activism. Such political activism can be quite efficient and far more partisan than normal state politics as practiced by the home country for it relies on the idealization of historical myths and national symbols. There are two particular aspects that characterise the activism of the Albanian diaspora as the Kosovo crisis was reaching its climax. First, it was instrumental in organizing financial and human support for the KLA and its increasing armed resistance against the Serb army. Second, it fought a highly successful media and diplomatic war in the west while influencing Albanian and Kosovar politics, thus slowly emerging as an undeniable political factor in the crisis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Frustrated with several years of passive resistance against Serb atrocities in Kosovo, the diaspora began to move towards the organization of an armed resistance. At first they started to act in sporadic forms such as guerrilla type operations. For example when five Serb policemen were cut down in a hail of bullets in 1996 around the &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;village&lt;/st1:placetype&gt; of &lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Decani&lt;/st1:placename&gt;, responsibility was claimed by a previously unknown ethnic Albanian underground group based in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, where there is a large Albanian diaspora community.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; However, as the regime of Milosevic continued to radically restrict the rights of the Albanian population in Kosovo, Albanian diaspora groups started to build a network of human resources responsible for collecting financial support which then enabled the KLA to have an arsenal of weaponry, essential for their military operations against Serb forces. In seeking to illustrate this network of civil society members, Stacy Sullivan writes about the Krasniqi family dispersed in the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; and how this family’s geographical dispersion had made it possible for an ideal network to build the KLA. With Florin and Ilir providing money and supplies from the diaspora, Agim helping with the logistics in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Adrian&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; regularly crossing into Kosovo to deliver guns and conduct attacks, the KLA doubled, then tripled, then quadrupled the amount of weaponry it had at its disposal in Kosovo. This, in turn, enabled the likes of Pajaziti and Jashari (prominent guerrillas) to begin phase two of the guerrilla insurgency.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Even prominent Kosovar politicians publicly recognized the importance of the Albanians abroad. In a time of despair for the Kosovars, Albanian leader Ibrahim Rrugova encouraged the population by insisting that “Kosovo could build its own institutions-schools, hospitals, maybe even police – with the help of the ever increasing Albanian diaspora.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; As it becomes evident by the above references, the diaspora was instrumental in not only supporting the KLA but also the governance system that Rrugova had undertaken in parallel with Serbian political institutions. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;However, growing popular discontent with Ibrahim Rrugova’s political pacifism which had not fulfilled widespread aspirations for independence or at the least, self-governance, resulted in a major shift in the balance of internal political forces. As the International Crisis Group (ICG) explains at the time, Rugova, elected in 1992 as "president" of the self-proclaimed &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;Republic&lt;/st1:placetype&gt; of &lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Kosovo&lt;/st1:placename&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; and viewed abroad before the outbreak of fighting as undisputed leader and sole representative of the Kosovo Albanians, was steadily losing influence, his political absolutism and passive pacifism increasingly irrelevant.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Indeed, until 1998, Ibrahim Rrugova was the unchallenged leader of the Albanians in Kosovo. However, as his pacifist discourse did not achieve any concrete results and his refusal to acknowledge the KLA seemed out of touch with the reality on the ground, his political power and authority to speak as the main representative of the Kosovar Albanians decreased significantly. Such political vacuum was quickly filled by the activities of the KLA as an organization heavily supported by the finances collected by diaspora societies operating in the back corners of &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Geneva&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;London&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Detroit&lt;/st1:city&gt; and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;New York&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;As Noel Malcolm suggests, whatever degree of support this ‘army’ did receive would have to be interpreted as an expression of popular frustration at the apparent inability of Ibrahim Rrugova to gain any new recognition of Kosovo’s interests from the outside world in the aftermath of Dayton.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Such frustration quickly turned into a major network of activities among the Albanian community abroad which used various instruments such as media coverage, internet propaganda and marketing as well as large demonstrations in most of the major western capitals to raise awareness and attract the international community’s attention. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Another development of particular interest which needs to be noted is the changing relationship between various Albanians groups in the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;United States&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;. If until 1998, Albanians from &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; and Kosovar Albanians did not show much solidarity towards each-other, media coverage of Serb atrocities in Kosovo changed the course of relationships between the two. As Annie Lafontaine discovers through her interviews with Albanian immigrants in &lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;New York&lt;/st1:state&gt;, after the beginning of the war (…), the Albanians from &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; realised that their fellow-countrymen needed their help. Their typical hospitality led to the creation of a new solidarity, a step forward towards the realization of unification.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Therefore, while the internal political factors both in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and Kosovo were divided, the different societies of the diaspora in the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;US&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Western Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt; managed to unify and become more effective in pushing the Kosovo issue further up among the security agendas of NATO member states. Thus, the Albanian diaspora turned into a &lt;i style=""&gt;de-facto&lt;/i&gt; foreign policy actor which could speak for all Albanians and not just for Kosovo. All of these developments were playing to the benefit of the KLA and their campaign. It is important to note here the powerful game which the KLA played through its public relations by using the diaspora as a supporter and speaker at the same time. As Alex Standish points out, the KLA may not have been a particularly able military force, but it fought a first-class media campaign – and that had a very significant impact upon international public opinion, the so-called “CNN Factor”, which in turn provided NATO with vital domestic support within most member states.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; This demonstrates the changing nature of the KLA from a so-called local terrorist organisation into an efficient, transnational organisation with a developed network of human resources, financial support, marketing department and armament. In this case, we have a civil society actor with the same authority as a state.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;However, what made these activities easier to undertake was the collapse of the Albanian government and the weakening of its army due to the pyramid schemes financial disaster in 1997 which had left the country in total anarchy. Such anarchy was the perfect environment for KLA operatives to buy arms and send them over to Kosovo. James Pettifer, a Balkans Expert for The Times who travelled the region during that period, reports that if until then:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 29.95pt 0.0001pt 28.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;‘(…) &lt;i style=""&gt;a Kosovar in southern &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; was an isolated, poverty-stricken curiosity, the new KLA visitors were from a very different background, serious well-educated young men with a purpose. Some could speak German, often with a Swiss accent. They were superb organisers. The first Albanian diaspora forces were entering the fray, something new was coming to the Balkans from the rich streets of Geneva and Zurich, an ironic revenge of the poorest people in Europe, nurtured by little newspapers with names like Zëri i Kosovës that kept hopes of freedom alive’&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;a style="" href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 1.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 1.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The above evidence highlights the transnational nature of the diasporas which make them an undeniable international factor. Diasporas are an important element of global civil society and at times vital in ensuring the internationalisation of a particular crisis concerning their home country. This has been evident among the Cuban community in &lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;Florida&lt;/st1:state&gt; and their effective lobbying in the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;US&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; against Cuban president Fidel Castro. Similarly, the Jewish diaspora has been essential in ensuring pro-Israeli foreign policy decisions from the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;US&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; government. However, what is rare in the Kosovo crisis is the fact that the Albanian diaspora gradually turned from a civil society actor into a powerful political factor, eventually fundamentally changing the balance of forces on the internal political scene, both in Kosovo and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;. When explaining how Albanian politicians at the time were measuring all the foreign policy options towards Kosovo and more specifically towards &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Yugoslavia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, Paskal Milo, Albanian foreign minister during the crisis, confirms that the Albanian government was under extreme pressure from Kosovar elements operating within &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; and more specifically from diaspora groups.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; This indicates that the diaspora had a significant effect upon &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;’s foreign policy stance and its internal political debates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;hr style="height: 2px;font-size:78%;" align="left"  width="33%"&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn1"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Jacques, 1995, p. 287.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn2"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Pettifer, 2005, p. 86.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn3"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Sullivan, 2004, p. 118.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn4"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Ibid, p. 74.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn5"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;International Crisis Group, Balkans Report, no. 41, 2 September 1998.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn6"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Malcolm, 1998, p. 355.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn7"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Lafontaine, 2002, p. 184.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn8"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Standish, 2000, p. 8&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn9"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Pettifer, 2005, p. 113.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn10"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Interview with Mr. Paskal Milo, ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs of the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;Republic&lt;/st1:placetype&gt; of &lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:placename&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, 20 July 2005.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-114952817886458555?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/114952817886458555/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=114952817886458555' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114952817886458555'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114952817886458555'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2006/06/albanian-diaspora-foreign-policy-actor.html' title='The Albanian Diaspora – Foreign Policy Actor *'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-114837158669310392</id><published>2006-05-23T09:02:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2006-05-23T09:06:26.786+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Has Globalization Resulted In The Retreat Of The Nation-State?</title><content type='html'>Research Discipline - International Political Economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;INTRODUCTION&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;              &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;As the web of financial, technological and production structures is constantly moving across national borders and economic activity becomes more fundamentally global, ‘it has become a cliché to say that we live in the age of globalization’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Economic interdependence has become a fact of life and the relevance of the nation-state has been put under constant attack, at least at a theoretical level. This paper will analyse the polemic between two scholarly opposing views on the role of the state in a highly globalized world market. The main concern will be given to the nature of the international economic order and its true effects upon the role of the state over its national affairs. Taking into account key components of globalization such as technological change, capital movement, international trade, labour migration and societal security while making use of empirical evidence, it will conclude that although its nature of operation has changed, the nation-state is necessary and still the primary actor holding the monopoly to hard power and regulating the functioning of the global market. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;1) THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tension between the state and the global markets has been the centre theme of many books and articles in the field of international political economy. Scholars like Susan Strange have written about the “Retreat of the State” while others like Robert Gilpin argue that ‘the nation-state continues to be the major actor in both domestic and international affairs’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Do states still determine the nature of the market or does the global economic order constrain the state and dictate its national policies? This is the central question to this debate. In Strange’s view ‘the impersonal forces of world markets, integrated over the post war period more by private enterprise in finance, industry and trade than by the cooperative decisions of governments, are now more powerful than the states to whom ultimate political authority over society and economy is supposed to belong’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Gilpin disagrees by noting that ‘even though its role may have diminished somewhat, the nation-state remains preeminent in both domestic and international economic affairs’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Others are convinced that ‘globalization is largely a myth’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;2) TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Century has seen some of the most advanced technological changes in the whole history of human kind. From horses to cars, from letters to telegraphs, then to telephones and now the internet, the world certainly seems smaller. During the past decades, the rapid advance of technological capability has shifted the state-market balance and has raised serious questions about the true authority governing the structures of the world markets. The telecommunications revolution has made it easier to move information around the world and transfer large amounts of capital across borders. However, as David Balaam explains, ‘to gain the maximum advantage, one needs to control access to new knowledge and technology – to keep others from using the products or research and innovation without paying in full for the right’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; This might explain why the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; government holds key technological pieces of information as a matter of national security. Within private markets too, governments continue to interfere and regulate. Take ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers which at first sight is a private corporation overseeing the distribution of unique IP addresses and domain names over the internet. However, this private corporation was the creation of the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; government in 1998.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Another good example of government regulation would be the anti-trust case against Microsoft, the biggest computer maker in the world. In 2001, the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; Justice Department imposed “behavioural remedies” and in 2004, the EU fined the corporation for €500m ordering it to change its behaviour. Such cases clearly demonstrate that although MNC’s can hold the monopoly of one sector of the technology market, national governments can and do regulate their behaviour, thus restricting their authority. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;3) CAPITAL MOVEMENT &amp; INTERNATIONAL TRADE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Globalization is very much about the increasing economic activity across borders and the integration of national markets into one international economic order. If transnational corporations are increasingly moving capital across borders then it would be hard to see the state benefiting from territorial control.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In this borderless world the realist model of the state is questionable. Indeed, as Peter Evans notes, ‘in a global economy where there is a surplus of labour, control over large amounts of territory and population can be more of a burden than an asset’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; When the system of states used to operate in a fixed exchange rate environment, industrialized countries were in control of capital flows. But ‘by the end of the 1980’s, by contrast, capital controls had been dismantled and the value of currencies was left more to markets than to states’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Based on the above assumption, any state policies that go against the international trade and financial markets will logically harm the value of its currency and damage its prospective capital gains. In such an economic environment, states are not the unitary players determining the markets. If this were true, one of the major effects of globalization is the increase of state dependency upon international trade thus declining state authority over the society it governs. However, this perceived decline is contradicted by Geoffrey Garrett’s data from OECD countries which suggests that ‘exposure to trade, FDI flows, and left-labour power were all associated with greater (government) spending after 1985’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Furthermore, the growth of East Asian economies over the past decades goes against the argument that globalization reduces state power. In the case of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, the government has partially liberalized trade while still manipulating the country’s exchange rate. Despite tight government control, the Chinese economy grew by 9.5% last year, its fastest clip in eight years.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Indeed, a higher degree of openness exposes the national economy to greater shocks thus demanding stronger regulatory policies. The striking cases of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Japan&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;South Korea&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; today, offer strong proof that international trade and openness can go hand in hand with a high degree of state centrality.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;4) LABOUR MIGRATION &amp; SOCIETAL SECURITY&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;As today’s world is increasingly determined by global activities, the nature of production has changed mainly due to the technological revolution and has produced a labour vacuum which has been filled by economic migrants. This is more typical of the EU and the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; where farm and heavy industry jobs have been filled by workers from developing countries. However, increasing evidence suggests that governments are intervening against mass migration in order to protect the welfare system offered to their citizens. This is evident through tougher migration policies in the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;UK&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Denmark&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and even &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Australia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. The rise of far right parties across &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt; and the popular support for strict policies indicates the high expectations that a society has towards its government. The above is what Joanne van Selm calls “Societal Security”. Her argument is that as European states’ main concerns have shifted away from the conventional protection of territorial sovereignty, one suggestion in IR literature is ‘that the facet of the state which needs protecting is its identity, and that the threat to that identity is immigration’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; The identity factor in here is important because of its direct connection with the necessity of the state in a highly globalized market. If the state is declining in the face of uncontrollable international markets, up to what degree can its capacity be reduced? If transnational companies become more powerful than state actors, they would maximize the risk element to such extend that ‘societal security’ would be disturbed. This is more obvious among EU countries where citizens expect the state to be the sole guarantor of their social rights, from health care to unemployment benefits, public transport and national pension schemes. Even where parts of these services are provided by private entities such as private universities or clinics, the state acts as a regulator of teaching and health standards. Trading the above with a financial theatre where the state has retreated and multinationals rule the markets, thus owning the individual’s fate, would be unthinkable in any EU member state. The importance of the state-society relationship is also illustrated by the weak financial infrastructure in developing countries. The collapse of pyramid schemes in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; in 1997, where most citizens had invested their life savings, resulted in popular anger and civil unrest which in turn collapsed the government itself. Such lack of state centrality killed the prospects of any FDI’s over the following years. Common political logic suggests that a solid and stable state is needed in order to provide the orderly infrastructure for foreign direct investment and a stable financial market.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;As the above brief analysis and empirical evidence suggests, we are not witnessing the retreat of the state but rather a transformation of its role from provider to regulator. Serious rethinking of the state’s role ‘would legitimize new efforts to turn states into effective instruments for the achievement of collective goals’.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; While much of the contemporary rhetoric suggests that the globalization of markets is constraining state policies, evidence suggests that governments still control the legal infrastructure of transnational markets. The post cold war world has created a different kind of environment where states are not the unitary players determining the markets. However, macroeconomic policies are extremely effective in constraining the economic activity of non-state actors. The US Federal Reserve or the ECB can determine the evolution of economic activity by controlling interest rates. The result of statelessness would be total anarchy where MNC’s would behave like armed gangs around the dark streets of a city. Furthermore, strong markets need strong and responsible states which can guarantee order and enforce laws within an anarchic financial system. Finally, if evidence suggests that the state is a kind of regulator policing the infrastructure of the current global economic order, then it would not make sense to speak of state retreat but of state transformation.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;Bibliography&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Block, Fred (1997), &lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;The &lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Vampire&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;State&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;: And Other Myths and Fallacies About the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;U.S.&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; Economy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-indent: 45.35pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;(&lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;New York&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;: New Press&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Evans, Peter (1997) ‘The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-indent: 45.35pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Globalization’, &lt;i style=""&gt;World Politics&lt;/i&gt;, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 62-87&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Garrett, Geoffrey (1998) ‘Global Markets and National Politics: Collision Course or Virtuous &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-indent: 45.35pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Circle?’, &lt;i style=""&gt;International Organization&lt;/i&gt;, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 787-824&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Gilpin, Robert (2001), &lt;i style=""&gt;Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-indent: 45.35pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;Order&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; ed. &lt;span style=""&gt;(&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Princeton&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;NJ&lt;/st1:state&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Princeton&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;University&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; Press)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Hirst, Paul, and Thompson, Grahame (1999), &lt;i style=""&gt;Globalization in Question: The International &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-indent: 45.35pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;Economy and the Possibilities of Governance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; ed. &lt;span style=""&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Cambridge&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;: Polity Press)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Oatley, Thomas (2004), &lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;International Political Economy: Interests and Institutions in the Global &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-indent: 45.35pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;Economy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;, (&lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;New York&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Pearson Education, Inc)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Strange, Susan (1996), &lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;, &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-indent: 45.35pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;Cambridge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;: &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Cambridge&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;University&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; Press)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Van Selm, Joanne, ed. (2000), &lt;i style=""&gt;Kosovo’s Refugees in the European Union&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;New York&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;: Pinter)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;Online Sources&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The Economist (Mar 23&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; 2004) ‘Another Attempt to Tame the Monopolist’&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The Economist (Jan 27&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; 2005) ‘No Sign of Landing’&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;European Union (EU): &lt;a href="http://www.europa.eu.int/"&gt;http://www.europa.eu.int&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): &lt;a href="http://www.oecd.org/"&gt;http://www.oecd.org&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The International Monetary Fund (IMF): &lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/"&gt;http://www.imf.org&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;hr style="height: 2px;font-size:78%;" align="left"  width="33%"&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn1"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Balaam (2001), p. 444.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn2"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Gilpin (2001), p. 362.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn3"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Strange (1996), p. 4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn4"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Gilpin (2001), p. 362.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn5"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Hirst &amp; Thompson (1999), p. 2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn6"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Balaam (2001), p. 214.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn7"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Look at &lt;a href="http://www.icann.org/"&gt;http://www.icann.org&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn8"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Evans (1997), p. 66.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn9"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Block (1997).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn10"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Garrett (1995), p. 816.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn11"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The Economist, &lt;span style=""&gt;No sign of a landing&lt;/span&gt;, Jan 27th 2005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn12"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Van Selm (2000), p. 11.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn13"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Personal conversation with Col. Steven Bucci, US Military Attachee in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; during the 1990’s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn14"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Evans (1997), p. 83.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-114837158669310392?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/114837158669310392/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=114837158669310392' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114837158669310392'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114837158669310392'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2006/05/has-globalization-resulted-in-retreat.html' title='Has Globalization Resulted In The Retreat Of The Nation-State?'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-114837067247017828</id><published>2006-05-23T08:38:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2006-05-23T09:00:52.783+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Research Abstracts</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.95pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Culture Is The Primary Force Shaping International Politics In The Contemporary Era – A Theoretical Discussion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" &gt;Research Discipline&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" &gt; - Concepts and Methods in International Relations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;As international politics is practiced in an increasingly global structure of interdependence, culture is making a major breakthrough within the theories of international relations. Since the collapse of the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Soviet Union&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; and the triumph of the Western political and economical system, world politics has been transformed and has produced a progressive shift of balance within the theoretical discourses. Traditionally, mainstream IR has brutally marginalized the role of culture and identity in international politics by heavily focusing on material facts where ideas did not matter. But postpositivist, constructivist, poststructuralist and feminist theorists have fiercely battled to bring culture and identity to the forefront of the discipline by highlighting the deficiencies and the limitations of the neo-realist paradigm. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;u4:p&gt;&lt;/u4:p&gt;&lt;u4:p&gt;&lt;/u4:p&gt;&lt;u3:p&gt;&lt;/u3:p&gt;This paper argues that culture is primary in shaping all major elements of international politics. The main argument is divided into three parts. First, it seeks to define culture, identify its location within IR’s theoretical spectrum and show how some critical approaches have battled to highlight its primacy. Second, it analyses interest and power, key neo-realist concepts, and proves that culture and knowledge are crucial factors in understanding them. Third, it analyses the transformative qualities of structure by looking at cases of conflict and economic interdependence, showing that global interaction does not take place in a static world. The paper concludes by emphasizing the primacy of culture and identity as forces that shape contemporary international politics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -5.75pt 0.0001pt -9.35pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;_________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -5.75pt 0.0001pt -9.35pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -5.75pt 0.0001pt -9.35pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;World of States or &lt;i style=""&gt;‘State’&lt;/i&gt; of the World?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Between the State and the Individual, there is a disputed narrative of International Relations.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" &gt;Research Discipline - Human Rights and Migration, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" &gt;International Relations&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The State is not going anywhere! This becomes increasingly evident as one seeks to draw a fair account of world politics today. However, there can be little doubt that human rights, which place the Individual at their heart, are constantly changing the language, strategy and subsequently the character of the liberal democratic State.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; IR theorists on all sides have engaged in a scholarly war to make sense of recent developments without a clear outcome. On the one side, neo-realists such as Kenneth Waltz and John Mearsheimer insist on their rational choice theory and its state-centrist approach. On the opposite side, confronting this traditional (possibly American) account of IR, stand critical theorists such as Alexander Wendt and Mervyn Frost with their emphasis on the Individual and its human rights. The two camps do not have to be eternal enemies. Rather, they could produce a very powerful alliance and contribute immensely to our understanding of today’s world politics.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;My argument throughout this short monograph is based on the analysis of recent developments of human rights in a world of states and investigates how the individualisation of the nation-state has produced a multiplicity of micro-strategies that is encouraging a more active supranational citizenship within the international system of world politics. The universal language of human rights is transforming the role of citizenship through its powerful influence on the legal spheres of democratic states. Contrary to what some scholars believe, the advances of ethics and human rights within the administrative and enforcement structures do not weaken the State. Instead, they strengthen its legitimacy. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;As I intend to show throughout the analysis that follows, the State and the Individual are inseparable – the sovereign cannot survive without individual rights and rights cannot be enjoyed without the protection of the sovereign.&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;div style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;hr style="height: 2px;font-size:78%;" align="left"  width="33%"&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn1"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The capitalization of “Individual” and “State” throughout this essay implies the presumption of both as central players in world politics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -14.65pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;Still Knocking on IR’s Doors…&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -14.65pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Feminist approaches to IR have enriched the discipline, but they are not central to it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -14.65pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" &gt;Research Discipline - International Relations&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -14.65pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;When travelling across different camps and theoretical approaches within international relations, it becomes clearly evident that women are almost completely absent from this traditionally men’s field of study. This is the backbone of feminist theory, which came very late into the domain of international relations. Its main purpose has been to identify women as active actors in global politics and give way to a whole new dimension of understanding the international structure by questioning the very rules that have constructed such a practice. However, just as there are personal views there are strands of feminism but if one had to choose between IR feminist scholars, the four most influential canonical writers would be Jean Bethke Elshtain, Cynthia Enloe, J. Ann Tickner and Christine Sylvester. Although each of these theorists brings a different approach of feminism, their work deals largely with gender (women in this case) as well as its social construction in local and international politics.&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -14.65pt; line-height: 150%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Despite its developments, feminist scholarship is often strongly resisted by academic gatekeepers, for it reveals the partial and gendered nature of intellectual work which is built on (elite?) men’s experiences.&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; This paper looks at the contributions of feminism as a whole and analyses its place among mainstream IR theories. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;hr style="height: 2px;font-size:78%;" align="left"  width="33%"&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn1"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Pettman (2001), p. 583.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -5.75pt 0.0001pt -9.35pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Is Terrorism Really the Most Dangereous Threat &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;to European Security Today, or Has it Simply &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Captured the Headlines of the Popular Media?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -14.65pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" &gt;Research Discipline - European Security, International Relations&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -14.65pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 180%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;September 11&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; 2001, strengthened the view that the post-Cold War world was a fundamentally different environment where the nature of threats and the multiplicity of international actors had dramatically transformed the conduct of post-modern states towards each-other. Terrorism has been a major defining force in today’s international order. It has struck at the heart of powerful nations, it has shown that it is increasingly sophisticated and transnational and has created serious divergences between powerful military alliances. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 180%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;This paper argues that terrorism is (truly) the most dangerous threat to European security today and that failure to accept it as such can result in catastrophic consequences for the future of world security. The main argument is divided into three sections. First, it looks at how the European Union defines terrorism and the tools it has employed to combat it. Second, it argues that the EU’s unique perception and muddled handling of it can in turn threaten NATO’s future and have grave effects upon the transatlantic alliance. Finally, it suggests that as terrorism is changing into a global activity, the EU needs to strengthen its international security role not only at the diplomatic level but through military means too.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 180%;"&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:14;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Does the Transatlantic Security&lt;br /&gt;Relationship have a future?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" &gt;Research Discipline - European Security, Defense Studies, International Relations&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -14.65pt; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%; font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 180%;"&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The end of the Cold War has given birth to a new world order which has profoundly shaken up the transatlantic security relationship. Until 1989 NATO’s existence depended heavily upon the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Soviet Union&lt;/st1:place&gt;’s threat and a strong American presence on European soil. But since the fall of the Iron Curtain and the emergence of democratic states in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Eastern  Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt; the transatlantic security relationship has struggled to find a new &lt;i style=""&gt;raison d’etre&lt;/i&gt;. Although the alliance seemed united during the crisis of ex-Yugoslavia in the 90’s, since September 11&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; 2001, the fundamental purpose of the alliance’s existence is continually being questioned by scholars and policy makers across both sides of the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Atlantic&lt;/st1:place&gt;. This scepticism has emerged from the diverging views that &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;America&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt; have about international threats, their nature and ways to tackle them. Each side confronts the other with its own understanding and vision of a more peaceful world. Such differences can undermine the future of a partnership that has survived for over half a century and emphasize the need for transformation and better communication to ensure its future. Could NATO expand its activities beyond the boundaries of the alliance, and if so, would that mean that its original purpose of creation as well as its operating territory would have to be redefined? Examining the growing differences between &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;America&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt;, this essay analyzes their depths and attempts to provide a more optimistic view for the partnership’s future. The changing nature of global threats in today’s world requires a redefinition of NATO’s original role and calls for a radical transformation of the alliance’s military and intelligence capabilities. Better realization of shared values and interests across the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Atlantic&lt;/st1:place&gt;, accompanied by enlargement and the expansion of its activities should provide the foundations for a solid future of the alliance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 180%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -5.75pt 0.0001pt -9.35pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -5.75pt 0.0001pt -9.35pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -5.95pt 0.0001pt -9.35pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 150%;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-114837067247017828?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/114837067247017828/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=114837067247017828' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114837067247017828'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114837067247017828'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2006/05/research-abstracts.html' title='Research Abstracts'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-114836836172445480</id><published>2006-05-23T08:10:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2006-05-23T08:12:41.853+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Kosovo’s Refugees in the European Union - Book Review</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;TUCK &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;N-BETWEEN &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;ORDERS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Book Review, November 2004&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;RALF GJONI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Kosovo’s Refugees in the European Union, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;London&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;: Pinter, 2000, &lt;i style=""&gt;239 pp&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;edited &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;by Joanne van Selm&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Chapter 7, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;pp139-161&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Italy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;: gateway to &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt;, but not the gatekeeper? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;by Christopher Hein &lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Chapter 8, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;pp162-188&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-width: medium medium 1.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 2pt;"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in;"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;France&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;: international norms, European integration and state discretion &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;by Sandra Lavenex&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;It would be extremely hard to find a political analyst today who does not think that the break-up of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Yugoslavia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; in the 1990s produced some of the most horrific and brutal forms of genocide since the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; world war. In February 1998, after the Bosnian conflict had calmed down, Serbian paramilitary groups and Yugoslav security forces intensified their attacks on Kosovar Albanians who were blamed for cooperating with the KLA (Kosovo Liberation Army). The ‘ethnic cleansing’, which reached its brutal peak a year later, provoked NATO’s military intervention against &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Yugoslavia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;’s army, police and Serbian paramilitary forces in Kosovo. By this time, thousands of Kosovar Albanians had been massacred, 426,000 crossed the border into &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, 228,000 to Macedonia (FYROM) and around 45,000 to &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Montenegro&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. In addition, 260,000 Albanians were internally displaced and over 100,000 had already sought political asylum in western European countries. It is estimated that by the end of bombing the entire 1,8m Albanian population of Kosovo had been displaced, internally and externally. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Joanne van Selm in&lt;i style=""&gt; “Kosovo’s Refugees in the European Union” &lt;/i&gt;analyses the reactions of several EU members towards this genocide which resulted in one of &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt;’s biggest refugee crisis at the end of the 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;It is my intent to produce a critical review of two chapters (&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and France) in the light of the greater purpose of the book. I will discuss the insights and research that each chapter brings to the reader and evaluate the methodology and accuracy of the information presented. While offering a critical approach within the general intent of the book, I will judge the academic contribution made to the field of asylum research.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The book, which is a collection of chapters written by different researchers and edited by Joanne van Selm, approaches the Kosovar asylum cases within a developing common EU immigration and asylum policy. It analyses the management of crisis by seven EU states and reflects on how the 1951 Geneva Convention on Refugees has (&lt;i style=""&gt;or has not&lt;/i&gt;) been implemented in each country. Both &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; are very interesting cases when writing about Kosovar Albanian refugees. &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, owing much to its geographical proximity to the region, and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, because of its long and proud tradition of “&lt;i style=""&gt;terre d’asile&lt;/i&gt;”. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;As Christopher Hein points out in his chapter “&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Italy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;: gateway to Europe, but not the gatekeeper?”&lt;/i&gt;, it would be hard to analyse &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;’s reaction to the Kosovo crisis without considering the country’s proximity to the Balkans. Above all, Hein discusses the reception of the Kosovar refugees within a wider internal transformation of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, that is, the evolution from “emigration” to “immigration” country.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The author gives a profound overview of the dramatic changes that &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; has undergone through the way in which it has handled refugee crisis since the fall of the &lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Berlin&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:State&gt; wall in 1989. Of particular interest is the fact that since 1986, &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; has periodically been regularizing illegal aliens through a series of &lt;i style=""&gt;ad-hoc&lt;/i&gt; labour amnesties which subsequently have produced a low number of asylum seekers in the country.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;This explains why in Hein’s view, “&lt;i style=""&gt;an unknown number of de facto refugees prefer to make use of the regularization opportunity… rather than undergo the tiresome and uncertain asylum procedure”&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;This might also explain the low interest of the public opinion in the asylum cases. While a large part of the chapter is concerned with Italy’s legal background instead of Kosovar refugee’s reception, Hein’s discussion is helpful when explaining how the 1951 Geneva Convention was overshadowed by the 1990’s, period when a series of &lt;i style=""&gt;ad-hoc&lt;/i&gt; rules were developed to deal with specific refugee crisis. During the Kosovo crisis in 1999, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; strongly promoted the idea of “reception in the region” (this largely meant &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;) and stressed that it did not want to encourage any “ethnic cleansing” by a large reception of Kosovar refugees in the country. Instead, the Italian government would support the Albanian state in the creation of reception centres. The author correctly points to the illegal smuggling of Kosovar refugees by Albanian groups through the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Adriatic&lt;/st1:place&gt;, although this traffic was a small part of the broader crisis. This, together with daily TV images of Kosovar refugees forced to leave their homes and cross the border into &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Albania&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; or &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Macedonia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; provoked a hugely influential wave of public solidarity which then, forced the Italian government to join other European countries in pledging to receive a quota of 10,000 persons. (Who would be evacuated from camps in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Macedonia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Christopher Hein&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is no stranger to the important role family and friends play in the refugee’s preferred destination for asylum. “&lt;i style=""&gt;In fact, a considerable number of Kosovar refugees had used &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; only as a transit country in order to reach &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; or, to a lesser degree, other European countries&lt;/i&gt;”, he writes when placing the Kosovars into the wider context of “labour immigration” in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; or &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. The Albanian, Italian and German press was full of stories of “&lt;i style=""&gt;illegal immigrants&lt;/i&gt;” smuggled through the Otranto channel into the southern coast of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and then transported to the destination country. By placing the Italian reception of Kosovar refugees within the greater process of European integration, the author raises highly important questions about the influence of European security concerns on national agendas and internal political debates. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Sandra Levenex&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; raises similar concerns in her chapter “&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;France&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;: international norms, European integration and state discretion”&lt;/i&gt;. While &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; kept a low profile during the Kosovo crisis, the French government has always been eager to remind other nations of its proud historical role as “&lt;i style=""&gt;terre d’asile&lt;/i&gt;”. &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Although &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; differs from &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; in that it has the longest tradition of refugee protection among European states, Lavenex provides convincing proof of its government’s preference on the concept of temporary protection rather than that of the 1951 Convention. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Through further consideration of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;’s past experiences with refugees coming from violent regions, such as the case of the Algerians, Lavenex highlights the dominant role these cases played in shaping secondary forms of temporary protection when dealing with Kosovar refugees. Through observation of several &lt;i style=""&gt;ad-hoc&lt;/i&gt; measures taken by the French government, one can quickly see how this leads to the more hidden effect that the political discourse on &lt;i style=""&gt;societal security&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i style=""&gt;immigration&lt;/i&gt; has in the wider decisions concerning asylum seekers. In the Kosovo case, the political discourse was overwhelmed by another factor. As one can confirm through various humanitarian organisations&lt;a style="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, the “pressure of public opinion” exercised upon the government (as it was also evident in &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;), forced &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;’s agreement to admit between 5000 and 10,000 Kosovar refugees. &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Although upon the arrival of 6339 refugees from camps in &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Macedonia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; the government broadly accepted their legitimate &lt;i style=""&gt;refugee&lt;/i&gt; status, their legal status was initially uncertain and a series of &lt;i style=""&gt;ad-hoc&lt;/i&gt; rules were applied. But as the author rightly observes, “&lt;i style=""&gt;informality, variability and executive discretion – continued to shape the French reaction to the arrival of Bosnian refugees in the early 1990s and still mark the approach towards people fleeing ethnic cleansing in Kosovo&lt;/i&gt;”.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The powerful comparison between the self perception of “&lt;i style=""&gt;terre d’asile&lt;/i&gt;” and the recent “&lt;i style=""&gt;asylum as a threat to society and national culture&lt;/i&gt;” syndrome, underlines the paradox of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; as a confused country within an increasingly paranoid EU setting where the 1951 Geneva Convention is constantly being challenged. This contradiction is underlined by the 1993 law on “territorial asylum” which was no longer based upon the 1951 Convention terms. As Lavenex underlines, (temporary protection) “&lt;i style=""&gt;was not, however, an answer to the increasing reality of war and civil war as causes of refugee flows&lt;/i&gt;”. In the author’s view, “&lt;i style=""&gt;…the French reaction seems to be disappointing&lt;/i&gt;”.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;These two chapters (as the rest of the book) do an excellent job in describing the institutionalization of &lt;i style=""&gt;ad-hoc&lt;/i&gt;, temporary forms of protection applied by EU states when faced with specific refugee crisis. As the two researchers clearly demonstrate, refugee situations such as that of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Bosnia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, manage to get all EU countries to commit to a harmonization of asylum policies, however, no common EU policy was applied when the Kosovo crisis followed. The insights on national debates of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; offer solid evidential basis for Van Selm’s broader theoretical discussion on &lt;i style=""&gt;societal security&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i style=""&gt;xenophobia&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i style=""&gt;comprehensive approach&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;In both cases of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, immigration and asylum are seen as increasing threats to their societies which has given rise to a national xenophobia about asylum seekers. While public solidarity overwhelms this xenophobia during extreme crisis such as that of Kosovo, “illegals” and “organized crime” remain everyday terms within the larger national political debates and continue to have an impact on the progress of a common EU approach to asylum and immigration matters. Although &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; accepted that the Kosovar refugees fell well under the terms of &lt;i style=""&gt;asylum&lt;/i&gt;, both governments applied the alternative forms of protection while undermining the refugee rights guaranteed by the 1951 Convention. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;If the book is strong in providing a detailed overview of the legal framework, what Hein and Lavenex lack, is a deeper discussion on whether recent new forms of &lt;i style=""&gt;ad-hoc&lt;/i&gt; asylum rules &lt;i style=""&gt;should&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i style=""&gt;can&lt;/i&gt; start a European debate on the “international norms” which characterize the 1951 Geneva Convention. Should this Convention be revised in the light of recent refugee crisis and if not, why is a common EU asylum policy needed? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Moreover, the authors fail to consider one other important factor, the opinions of thousands of Kosovar refugees whose very protection is being approached in a theoretical matter.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Could one talk of asylum laws and fail to take into account the very central component of asylum, the “seeker” himself?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;However, while the title can be deceiving, “&lt;i style=""&gt;Kosovo’s Refugees in the European Union” &lt;/i&gt;as a whole offers a comprehensive understanding of the asylum policies and its implementation by EU governments. It is evident that its contribution to the further progress of asylum research is invaluable.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Primary Online Sources&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;UNHCR, The state of the world’s refugees, 2000, http://www.unhcr.ch/ &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;CIR Consiglio Italiano per i Rifugiati, http://www.cir-onlus.org/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The Economist, http://www.economist.com/&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Forum Refugies &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, http://www.forumrefugies.org/&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Guardian, &lt;/span&gt;http://www.guardian.co.uk/ &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Gazeta Shekulli, http://www.shekulli.com.al/&lt;span style=""&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Gazeta Shqiptare, http://www.balkanweb.com/&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Institute for War &amp; Peace Reporting, http://www.iwpr.net/ &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Amnesty International, http://www.amnesty.org/ &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn1"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;" lang="EN-GB"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Book Antiqua&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Joanne van Selm is Senior Policy Analyst at the Migration Policy Institute, a &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Washington&lt;/st1:City&gt;  &lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;DC&lt;/st1:State&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; based think tank&lt;br /&gt;devoted to the study of international migration. Dr van Selm is also affiliated as an Associate Professor to the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;University&lt;/st1:PlaceType&gt;  of &lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Amsterdam&lt;/st1:PlaceName&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;'s Department of Political Science.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn2"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;Christopher Hein is Director of the Italian Refugee Council, &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Rome&lt;/st1:City&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Italy&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn3"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Sandra Lavenex is Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="" id="ftn4"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoFootnoteText"&gt;&lt;a style="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class="MsoFootnoteReference"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt; Look at http://www.forumrefugies.org/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-114836836172445480?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/114836836172445480/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=114836836172445480' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114836836172445480'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114836836172445480'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2006/05/kosovos-refugees-in-european-union.html' title='Kosovo’s Refugees in the European Union - Book Review'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-114669745376181067</id><published>2006-05-03T23:55:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2006-05-21T13:50:05.766+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ku janë programet Zoti Kryeministër???</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.balkantimes.com/cocoon/setimes/images/2005/09/15/ERLISphoto.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; width: 320px; cursor: pointer;" alt="" src="http://www.balkantimes.com/cocoon/setimes/images/2005/09/15/ERLISphoto.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;GAZETA SHQIPTARE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;13 Prill 2006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Diaspora, një prej kontribuesve kryesorë ndaj ekonomisë shqiptare, është lënë krejtësisht në harresë prej qeverive shqiptare të 15 vjetëve të fundit. Nëse qeveria e mëparshme karakterizohej nga një mospërfillje totale, kjo e fundit po tregon shenja inefikasiteti në marrëdhëniet e saj me shoqatat diasporike. Eshtë më se e qartë që Shqipëria nuk do të merrte kurrë frymë pa kontributin financiar të shumicës së forcës së punës që është e detyruar të fitojë jetesën e saj jashtë shtetit dhe larg të afërmve të tyre. Si e tillë, ajo duhet vlerësuar dhe duhet integruar në zhvillimin e vendit. Në fakt, qeveria Berisha na e ka dhënë fjalën. Në programin e saj ajo premton se “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="SQ"&gt;Për këtë brez, por edhe për brezin e vjetër të emigrantëve, të cilët kanë kontribute të jashtëzakonshme historike për vendin, qeveria përkushtohet për një integrim të tyre në jetën politike, ekonomike e sociale të vendit si dhe me po aq përkushtim edhe për të drejtat e tyre themelore në vendet ku jetojnë. ...qeveria do të adoptojë programe që emigrantët të rikthehen dhe të investojnë në vendin tyre... qeveria do të investojë për ngritjen e qendrave kulturore dhe për kryerjen e aktiviteteve të ndryshme në bashkëpunim me shoqatat e emigrantëve shqiptarë kudo që janë...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="SQ"&gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Asnjë prej këtyre premtimeve nuk do të mund të mbahet sepse ende nuk ka filluar implementimi i ndonjë programi konkret ku diaspora të ndjehet si pjesëmarrëse në jetën politike apo sociale të vendit. Përgjatë kësaj analize të shkurtër do të mundohem të provoj se këto premtime kanë ngecur në një nivel retorik dhe do parashtroj disa pika për shtytjen që i duhet bërë qeverisë në mënyrë që ajo të jetë e aftë të afrojë elementët më të përgatitur të diasporës në jetën politike, sociale dhe ekonomike të vendit. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Nuk duhet harruar që diaspora nuk është thjesht një grupim emocional i emigrantëve në vendet ku jetojnë. Ajo përfaqëson një burim të pasur njerëzor potenciali i të cilit nuk është përdorur ende në strategjitë e zhvillimit. Diaspora duhet ndarë në tre shtylla kryesore. Së pari, ajo mbart elementin individual ekonomik që garanton prurjet financiare. Ky kontribut financiar përfaqëson të paktën një të pestën (për të mos thënë shumë më tepër) e Produktit Kombëtar Brut (PNB) ose GNP në rrethet ekonomike ndërkombëtare, që në fakt është një nga treguesit kryesorë të mirëqenies së një vendi. Por si në shumë vende të tjera që kishin një varësi ekonomike nga emigrantët e tyre, edhe në Shqipëri do të vihet re që eventualisht, prurjet nga jashtë nuk do të jenë burim i besueshëm për rritjen ekonomike të një vendi. Përmirësimi i mirëqenies së vendit amë do të shoqërohet nga një tendencë uljeje të prurjeve të diasporës. Sidoqoftë prurjet e emigrantëve, që janë të karakterit individual, kanë vite që funksionojnë pavarësisht qeverive në pushtet. Infrastruktura e bankave dhe firmave private të transferimit të parave egziston dhe funksionon pa probleme të konsiderueshme. Pra në këtë aspekt, nuk kërkohet ndonjë angazhim i madh nga qeveria. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Kjo na sjell tek shtylla e dytë e diasporës, ajo e burimeve njerëzore. Janë me qindra mijëra studentë dhe profesionistë që përbëjnë një prej potencialeve më të paprekura nga Shqipëria. Këta elementë studiojnë dhe punojnë në institucionet akademike dhe profesionale më me emër në botë. Si të tillë, këta janë të gatshëm të kontribuojnë në zhvillimin e infrastrukturës institucionale të zhvillimit të vendit. Ata mund dhe duhet të afrohen pranë instancave qeveritare dhe sociale për të kthyer në vend ‘rrjedhjen e trurit’ që e ka paralizuar prej vitesh Shqipërinë. Deri më sot, egziston një iniciativë e UNDP nën emrin ‘Brain Gain’ (Thithja e Trurit) që synon tërheqjen në vend të këtyre elementëve të përgatitur. Gjithashtu Lëvizja MJAFT! u ka mundësuar shumë studentëve të vijnë dhe të ingranohen në stazhe të shkurtra nëpër institucionet publike. Në këtë pikë, qeveria është treguar e gatshme të bashkëpunojë me të tilla organizma ndërkombëtare dhe të shoqërisë civile për inkurajimin e thithjes së trurit por mbetet shumë për t’u bërë. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Për një vend si Shqipëria, me një përqindje kaq të lartë të popullsisë së saj jashtë kufijve, është e turpshme që nuk egziston një ministri apo departament i veçantë që të zhvillojë një strategji dhe të ndërmarrë hapa konkretë drejt përfshirjes së diasporës në jetën sociale dhe politike të vendit. Një Shqiptar i diasporës nuk do dinte kurrë se ku të trokiste apo ku të aplikonte për t’u rikthyer ne vendin e tij. Përfshirja e këtyre elementëve intelektualë nuk po shihet si një domosodoshmëri nga qeveria aktuale dhe ka mbetur në nivele programesh të izoluara apo retorike të bukur që po rrjedhon në dekurajimin e vazhdueshëm të diasporës. Sa më shumë kalojnë vitet, aq më shumë shtohen shancet e nguljes së përhershme të këtyre elementëve në vendet e rezidencës. Duhet të ketë një strategji të qartë që të afrojë të paktën ata individë të pasigurtë që ende nuk e kanë gjetur veten atje ku jetojnë. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Shtylla e tretë e diasporës përbëhet nga strukturat organizative, qofshin këto kulturore, ekonomike apo mediatike. Si në SHBA por edhe në Angli, Itali, Greqi, Gjermani dhe dhe vende të tjera, funksionojnë shumë shoqata shqiptare që punojnë me komunitetin përkatës. Në këtë pikë, kontributi është i dyanshëm. Nga njëra anë, këto struktura ndihmojnë në promovimin e vlerave kulturore shqiptare në botë, gjë që çon në përmirësimin e imazhit të Shqipërisë dhe nga ana tjetër, ato mund të kontribuojnë në Shqipëri me investime. Këtë qeveria e di shumë mirë sepse ndryshe nuk do t’a përfshinte në programin e saj të pasur me premtime shumëngjyrëshe. Biles &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;kohët e fundit, Ministri i Jashtëm Z. Mustafaj u takua me një grup Shqiptarësh në Londër ku kërkoi që këta individë të vinin dhe të investonin në Shqipëri ose t’i ftonin miqtë e tyre Anglezë të bënin të njëjtën gjë. Fatkeqësisht, ministri nuk la kohë për diskutim që të dëgjonte shqetësimet e Shqiptarëve në Britani të Madhe. Nuk u pyet se çfarë imazhi ka Shqipëria në sytë e një investitori të huaj. Nuk u pyet se çfarë dëshiron diaspora nga qeveria shqiptare apo se çfarë mund t’i ofrojmë ne Shqipërisë. Dhe kur mungon ky nivel kaq elementar i komunikimit, si mund të priten programe dhe investime nga qeveria shqiptare për diasporën? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Nuk kemi vënë re ende ndonjë bashkëpunim konkret mes qeverisë dhe shoqatave të diasporës. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Eshtë e vërtetë që strukturat e ambasadave (me sa munden) janë gjithnjë të gatshme për të na inkurajuar. Të paktën kjo është e vërtetë në rastin e Londrës, ku Ambasada Shqiptare bashkëpunon në mënyrë të vazhdueshme me shoqatat shqiptare të Britanisë së Madhe. Psh, para disa javësh Klubi Londinez i Lëvizjes MJAFT! dhe Ambasada Shqiptare mblodhën studentët shqiptarë ne Angli për të nxitur kontributin e tyre ndaj vendit amë. Por si mund të arrihet kjo pa formulimin e një politike të qartë nga ana e Tiranës apo Prishtinës? Ende nuk po vihet re ndonjë shenjë investimi financiar nga ana e qeverisë që do të mundësonte një bashkëpunim konkret me diasporën. Vallë ku të kenë shkuar paratë që duhet të ishin alokuar për pikat e programit qeveritar ku trajtohet diaspora?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;E përballur me këtë inefikasitet, diaspora nuk duhet të presë shumë iniciativa nga qeveritarët por të fillojë e të organizohet vetë për t’a detyruar qeverinë shqiptare të mbajë premtimet. Nëse gjykohet nga niveli i kontributit që ajo jep për Shqipërinë, atëhere është e mundshme që strukturat e saj të ushtrojnë një lloj presioni ndaj qeverisë.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Deri tani kemi parë që diaspora në Amerikë ka qenë paksa më e organizuar për sa i përket fuqisë së lobingut. Gjithashtu po vërehen iniciativa në Angli, Itali dhe Greqi. Eshtë e qartë që duhen identifikuar shqetësimet reale të diasporës dhe t’i bëhen të ditur Tiranës. Duhet gjetur mënyra e bashkëpunimit mes shoqatave të ndryshme të diasporës në botë që zëri i saj të dëgjohet më pranë qeverisë shqiptare. Përderisa qeveria shqiptare e ka hedhur hapin e parë, atë të retorikës, diaspora shqiptare duhet të hedhë hapin e dytë, atë të praktikës, duke kushtëzuar në mënyrë të vazhdueshme hapat e qeverisë në strategjinë e saj ndaj diasporës. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Sot, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;qeveria premton programe që do nxisin investimet e diasporës dhe investime nga ana e saj për të bashkëpunuar me shoqatat e ndryshme shqiptare të diasporës. Kjo është ‘fenomenale’ … ‘famoze’ për t’a shprehur me gjuhën e kryeministrit Berisha, por çfarë është bërë deri tani??? Përgjigja është një varg pikëpyetjesh që do të mbulonte faqet e tërë gazetës. Pra ashtu siç Ministri i Jashtëm në emër të qeverisë kërkon investime nga diaspora, po në të njëjtën mënyrë dhe me më shumë forcë i duhet kërkuar Z. Berisha: “Ku janë programet Zoti Kryeministër?”…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-114669745376181067?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/114669745376181067/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=114669745376181067' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114669745376181067'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114669745376181067'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2006/05/ku-jan-programet-zoti-kryeministr.html' title='Ku janë programet Zoti Kryeministër???'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-114669659283095167</id><published>2006-05-03T23:41:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2006-05-23T08:01:07.526+01:00</updated><title type='text'>PËRSE FRIKËSOHEN EUROPIANËT NGA SHQIPËRIA?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5978/2897/1600/Image2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5978/2897/320/Image2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:times new roman;" &gt;GAZETA SHQIPTARE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;pre style="font-family: times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Faqja 20 - OPINION&lt;br /&gt;Gusht 3, 2005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Opinionet e Europianëve ende shfaqin një ndjenjë mosbesimi ndaj Shqipërisë dhe hyrjes së saj në Bashkimin Europian. Kjo u duk qartë në rezultatet e Eurobarometrit, sistemit zyrtar të anketimit nga Komisioni Europian. Anketa e fundit botuar në muajin Korrik, analizon shumë anë të jetës së Europianëve midis të cilave edhe nivelin e aprovimit për zgjerimin e BE-së në të ardhmen e afërt. Të anketuarit nga të gjitha vendet e Bashkimit Europian ishin në përgjithësi pro zgjerimit por jo ndaj të gjitha vendeve aspiruese. Dhe si për ironi, Shqipëria dhe Turqia ishin në fund të listës. Nëse afërsisht 50% e të anketuarve ishin pro pranimit të Bullgarisë dhe Rumanisë, po e njëjta përqindje ishte kundër anëtarësimit të Shqipërisë apo Turqisë në BE. Edhe Ukraina, &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Maqedonia&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Bosnia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; dhe &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; &amp; &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Mali&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; i Zi ishin para Shqipërisë. Përse vallë frikësohen Europianët nga Shqipëria? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Siç mund të shihet edhe nga tabela e Eurobarometrit 63, ndjenja positive ndaj zgjerimit të mëtejshëm të BE-së është më e lartë në dhjetëshen e sapoanëtarësuar në BE. Sidoqoftë, Shqipëria përsëri mbetet në fund. Si mund të shpjegohet kjo papërfillshmëri dhe si ka mundësi që edhe &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Serbia&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; e cila mbahet si përgjegjësja kryesore e disa luftërave Ballkanike në vitet ’90 të perceptohet më pozitivisht se sa Shqipëria nga Europianët? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;EuroBarometri 63 – 2005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border: medium none ; margin-left: 5.4pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 411px; height: 400px;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(230, 230, 230) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; width: 271.15pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; text-align: center;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;         &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Për secilin nga vendet e mëposhtme, &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;a jeni në favor apo kundër   anëtarësimit &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;të tij në BE?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(230, 230, 230) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; width: 74.8pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; text-align: center;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;BE 15&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(230, 230, 230) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; width: 74.9pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; text-align: center;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Vendet&lt;br /&gt;e Reja 10&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(179, 179, 179) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; width: 74.8pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Në Favor&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(179, 179, 179) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; width: 74.9pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Në Favor&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Zvicër&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;76%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;87%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Norvegji&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;77%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;85%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Islandë&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;69%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;76%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Kroaci&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;48%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;72%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Bullgari&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;46%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;70%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Rumani&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;43%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;58%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Ukraine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;41%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;66%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;IRY   Maqedoni&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;40%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;57%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Bosnia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &amp; &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Herzegovina&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;39%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;56%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Serbi   &amp; Mali i Zi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;38%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;54%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Shqipëri&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;33%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;47%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 271.15pt;" valign="top" width="362"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Turqi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;32%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.9pt;" valign="top" width="100"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;48%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Përgjigjen mund t’a gjejmë tek imazhi i keq, ose më qartë “imazhi i gabuar” i Shqipërisë në Europë, kjo për tre arsye që janë shumë të korrigjueshme: krimi i organizuar mafjoz, feja dhe mungesa e lobingut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Së pari, që prej hapjes së kufijve në 1991, grupet mafjoze shqiptare kanë krijuar një reputacion negativ mes analistëve dhe qytetarëve Europianë për brutalitetin dhe efikasitetin me të cilin veprojnë. Aktivitetet e tyre si prostitucioni, tregëtia e drogës apo qarkullimi ilegal i emigrantëve, pasqyrohen në mënyrë të vazhdueshme nëpër mediat perëndimore, gjë kjo që për rrjedhojë krijon një imazh të keq të shqiptarëve. Duhet vërejtur që shumica e emigrantëve shqiptarë janë njerëz familjarë, punëtorë dhe qytetarë që respektojnë ligjet e vendit ku rezidojnë. Por një përqindje shumë e vogël e tyre që merren me aktivitete ilegale marrin më tepër mbulesë mediatike dhe i ulin popullaritetin shumicës dërrmuese që punon me ndershmëri për të mbajtur familjet e tyre. Ky perceptim i shqiptarëve si mafjozë dhe baronë të krimit të organizuar duhet patjetër të luftohet nga diaspora në vendet përkatëse. Një shembull i mire ka qenë këto vite organizimi i diasporës shqiptare në SHBA ku egzistojnë shumë shoqata kulturore të cilat promovojnë vlerat kulturore dhe marëdhëniet mes komunitetit shqiptar dhe shtetit ku ky komunitet punon dhe jeton. P.sh, Këshilli Kombëtar Shqiptaro-Amerikan me qendër në &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Washington&lt;/st1:city&gt;  &lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, promovon interesat shqiptare pranë kongresin amerikan dhe grupeve të tjera politike që ushtrojnë influencë ndaj politikës së jashtme të SHBA-së. Në mënyrë të ngjashme, shumë është arritur edhe nëpërmjet mediave shqiptare (gazeta, radio e TV) dhe restoranteve e dyqaneve të tjera që janë hapur në qytete të ndryshme amerikane. Të gjitha këto iniciativa janë instrumente të fuqishme që ndikojnë shumë në përmirësimin e imazhit të Shqipërisë apo Kosovës jashtë kufijve të tyre. E njëjta gjë duhet të bëhet më me shumë forcë nga diaspora shqiptare në Europë. Europianët për momentin po shohin vetëm majën e zezë të ajzbergut shqiptar. Duhet bërë e pamundura që ata të shohin shumicën e bardhë të tij.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Së dyti, perceptimi i Shqipërisë si një vend mysliman, e largon atë nga Europa. Kjo mund të çudisë shumë shqiptarë që e konsiderojnë vendin e tyre si një vend tolerant ku feja nuk ka ndonjë vend aq të rëndësishëm në shoqërinë e përditshme. Por nga bisedat e mia me analistë të ndryshëm Europianë, jam habitur nga rëndësia që i jepet këtij imazhi të vendit tone kur flitet për zgjerim të mëtejshëm. Nuk duhet harruar që gjatë viteve ’90, Shqipëria u anëtarësua tek Organizata e Vendeve Islamike, gjë që automatikisht futi Shqipërinë në të njëjtën kategori të vendeve Arabe që janë vendosur nën shënjestrën e shërbimeve sekrete Amerikane dhe Europiane për shkak të numrit të lartë të terroristëve islamikë që prodhojnë këto vende. E pra, Shqipëria megjithëse ka një nga shoqëritë më tolerante për sa i përket fesë apo ekstremizmit Islamik, fatkeqësisht ende perceptohet si një vend mysliman si Turqia, kultura e së cilës nuk do t’a lejojë atë të integrohet lehtësisht në Europën e bashkuar. Në këtë pikë, qeveria e ardhshme shqiptare mban çelësin e integrimit. Gjatë regjistrimit të ardhshëm të popullsisë të trumpetuar me aq forcë nga Berisha, kryeministri i ardhshëm shqiptar, duhet bërë patjetër edhe regjistrimi i përkatësisë fetare të Shqiptarëve duke marrë nën konsideratë edhe ateizmin si kategori të vlefshme. Për rrjedhojë, edhe tekstet shkollore dhe enciklopeditë botërore duhen rinovuar në mënyrë që përqindjet e përkatësive fetare në Shqipëri të reflektojnë realitetin në vend. Biles, duhet shkuar një hap më tej. Shqipëria ka mundësi të jape një shembull të mire në Europë si vendi me një nga rrymat Myslimane më të moderuara në botë dhe si një vend ku toleranca fetare bashkëjeton lehtë me laicitetin e shtetit. Në këtë periudhë historike kur Europa po mundohet të identifikojë rrymat e moderuara islamike në territorin e saj për t’i bërë ballë terrorizmit, Shqipëria është në pozitë shumë të fortë për t’u ofruar vendeve Europiane shembullin e një shoqërie multi-fetare dhe të një shteti laik që ka ditur t’a mënjanojë ekstremizmin fetar për vite me radhë. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -5.3pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Arsyeja e tretë dhe e fundit, lidhet shumë fortë me dy pikat e para. Ajo ka të bëjë me mungesën e lobingut të fortë në korridoret e politikës europiane për mbrojtjen e interesave shqiptare në BE. Gjithcka që është arritur në dobi të interesave mbarë-shqiptare në Ballkan, është rrjedhojë e pro-amerikanizmit dhe e ndihmës që na vjen përtej Atlantikut. Sidoqoftë, nëse Shqipëria dëshiron t’u bashkangjitet strukturave Europiane duke i hapur kështu derën biznesit shqiptar ndaj tregut të lire, ajo duhet të bëjë shumë më tepër për organizimin e një lobi efikas në vendet europiane. Kjo kërkon nidhmë konkrete nga shteti, veprim efikas nga ana e organizatave të shoqërisë civile, dhe një mobilizim të diasporës shqiptare në vendet përkatëse. Gjatë viteve të fundit, diaspora u la në harresë duke mos iu krijuar as e drejta themeltare e të votuarit në vendet e rezidencës. Sot, shteti shqiptar duhet të krijojë lidhje dhe bashkëpunim të fortë me diasporën që i siguron një pjesë të majme të buxhetit të tij nëpërmjet prurjeve valutore në vend. Nuk duhet lënë lobingu shqiptar vetëm në duart e qeveritarëve që shihen me skepticizëm nga strukturat politike perëndimore. Këtë punë mund t’a bëjnë shumë më mirë organizata jo-qeveritare (OJQ) si “MJAFT” në bashkëpunim me organizatat e diasporas. Sidoqoftë, shteti në këtë ekuacion politiko-shoqëror duhet të luajë rolin e mbështetësit kryesor për mbarëvajtjen e një procesi frutdhënës. Diaspora jo vetëm që ka një arsenal intelektual të çmuar por është potenciali i vetëm i Shqipërisë që mund të përmirësojë imazhin e saj në kontinentin plakë, që po na vështron shtrembër dhe me papërfillshmëri. Hartimi i një strategjie kombëtare për përmirësimin e imazhit të shqiptarëve në Europë, është një domosdoshmëri për integrimin e Shqipërisë në Europë dhe për përmirësimin e standarteve të jetesës së shqiptarëve. Mosveprimi i qeverisë Berisha, të cilës po i rëndojnë supet nga premtimet e shumta që i dha popullit, do të kishte pasoja fatale për jetëgjatësinë e saj. Kjo, do të nxinte edhe më tepër ajzbergun shqiptar, duke zbehur më tej aspiratat për një integrim të afërt. Le të shpresojmë që qeveria e re të ketë veshë të na dëgjojë më qartë dhe sy të na shohë ku jemi! Alooooooooooo ?!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-114669659283095167?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/114669659283095167/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=114669659283095167' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114669659283095167'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114669659283095167'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2006/05/prse-friksohen-europiant-nga-shqipria.html' title='PËRSE FRIKËSOHEN EUROPIANËT NGA SHQIPËRIA?'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27492697.post-114669608282112225</id><published>2006-05-03T23:37:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2006-05-04T00:38:01.260+01:00</updated><title type='text'>SHKELQIMI DHE RËNIA E KUSHTETUTËS EVROPIANE</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/martin_rowson/2005/06/06/joint512.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/martin_rowson/2005/06/06/joint512.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:georgia;font-size:11;color:black;"   &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pasojat e JO-së Evropiane për Shqipërinë&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;font&gt;Lion dhe Londër&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt; 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text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;Nga vende themeluese në vende shkatërruese. Këta janë &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; dhe Hollanda që i kanë dhënë një goditje të rëndë ratifikimit të Kushtetutës Evropiane e cila nuk mund të hyjë në fuqi pa aprovimin e të 25 vendeve anëtare të Bashkimit Evropian. Problemi nuk qëndron tek refuzimi por tek arsyet përse qytetarët e këtyre dy vendeve themeluese të KE-së hodhën poshtë traktatin që do të thjeshtësonte funksionimin e Bashkimit Evropian. Kushtetuta e propozuar fillimisht nga Presidenti Zhak Shirak dhe më pas hartuar nën drejtimin e Valeri Zhiskard D’Estang, një tjetër ish president Francez, ka për qëllim që t’a bëjë Evropën më efikase, dinamike dhe demokratike. Pikat kyçe të këtij projekti perfshijnë heqjen e vetove të vendeve anëtare, shpejtimin e marrjes së vendimeve, krijimin e postit të presidentit dhe ministrit të jashtëm për Këshillin Evropian, zgjerimin e influencës Evropiane në botë, shkurtimin e burokracisë në proceset e Komisionit Evropian dhe rritjen e fuqisë së Parlamentit Evropian. Por Franca është bërë guri kryesor që kontribuoi në shkelqimin dhe rënien e Kushtetutës Evropiane. Të gjitha këto pika që u propozuan nga &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:city&gt; u hodhën poshtë po nga &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; që në këtë mënyrë ka krijuar një situatë shumë të vështirë për të ardhmen e Bashkimit Evropian. Por kush janë njerëzit që i thane ‘JO’ Kushtetutës Evropiane dhe çfarë i shtyn ata drejt ketij qëndrimi? Çfarë domethënie ka ky qëndrim për marëdhëniet e Shqipërisë me BE? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt; 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text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;Duke udhëtuar në Francë gjatë fundjavës së kaluar vura re se grupet politike që moblilizuan mbi 15 milionë votues t’a refuzonin kushtetutën varionin nga Partia Komuniste (e majta ekstreme) tek Fronti Nacional (e djathta ekstreme), nga Trockistët nëpër universitete deri tek më shumë se gjysma e Partisë Socialiste që drejton opozitën. Pra arsyet e Francezëve nuk i përkasin vetëm një spektri të caktuar politik por një ndjenje të përgjithshme kombëtare. Shumica e Francezëve janë mërzitur me qeverisjen e elitës politike që përbëhet nga njerëz si Zhak Shirak apo ‘shkolla e vjetër’ siç quhen ndryshe. Këta politikanë, sipas shumë votuesve, flasin me fjalë të mëdha dhe duken shumë larg elektoratit që po vuan një papunësi prej mbi 10% dhe një rënie të vazhdueshme të fuqisë së blerjes. Përvec kësaj, prapë sipas shumicës së qytetarëve Francezë, zgjerimi i Evropës në lindje dhe perspektiva e futjes së Turqisë apo vendeve Ballkanike e kanë kthyer Bashkimin Evropian në një ambient të rrezikshëm ku forca e lirë e punës nga lindja po ul pagat dhe po ju ‘vjedh’ vendet e punës. Pra nga bashkim mbrojtës është kthyer në bashkim kërcënues. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span 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lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;Siç e thoshte edhe Gazeta Wyborcza, e përditshmja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"   lang="EN-GB" 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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span 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parë Polake këtë javë me shumë ironi, ‘shkak për JO-në Franceze është bërë hidrauliku polak’. Në të vërtetë, deri tani, Franca ka patur një traditë të fortë të një shteti tepër social ku qytetarët përfitojnë nga një sistem shëndetësie falas, 6 javë pushime në vit, 35 orë pune në javë dhe një asistencë marramendase papunësie. Të gjitha këto benefite sigurohen nga një taksim shumë i lartë ndaj popullsisë. Për shkak të rënies së pozitës së Francës në tregun botëror, ky sistem kaq bujar social nuk mund të vazhdojë të mbijetojë më. Sidoqoftë, shumë e qytetarëve kanë frikë se një Evropë ku tregu liberalizohet sipas modelit Anglo-Sakson do të rezultojë në shkaterrimin e sistemit social Francez. Një Evropë e zgjeruar do sjellë ‘të huajt’ që do vijnë si ‘milingona’ për të vjedhur punët dhe të drejtat e punëtorëve Francezë. Në të njëjtën mënyrë Hollandezëve u ka ardhur në majë të hundës me kontributin e tyre të lartë ndaj buxhetit të BE dhe me rënien e standarteve të jetesës që prej kalimit në monedhën e përbashkët Euro. Zgjerimi i BE në lindje si dhe ardhja e pakontrolluar e imigrantëve  të huaj, sidomos atyre myslimanë, kanë shtyrë shumicën e votuesve t’a hedhin poshtë këtë kushtetutë duke i prerë kështu përfundimisht shpresat për një ri-negociatë të traktatit. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt; 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text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt; 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Kjo ksenofobi prek drejtpërdrejt të ardhmen e Shqipërisë për anëtarësim në BE dhe rrezikon ndarjen e Evropës në kampe konkurruese. Nga njëra anë kemi Britaninë e Madhe që dëshiron një Evropë të tregut të lirë dhe të heqjes së barrierave ndaj tregëtisë. Për këtë arsye vendet e sapo-futura ne BE kanë të drejtë të punojnë në Angli dhe jo në Francë apo gjetkë. Britanikët mbështeten nga Spanja, Danimarka dhe të gjitha vendet e lindjes si Polonia, Çekia, Sllovenia, vendet Baltike etj. Kundër këtij modeli Anglo-Sakson qëndrojnë vende si &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, Gjermania, Belgjika apo Italia që bllokojnë liberalizimin e plotë në emër të të drejtave sociale. Duhet theksuar këtu që këto vende kane papunësi shumë të lartë. P.sh, Gjermania dhe &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; po përjetojnë një papunësi prej 11%-12%, pra më tepër se dyfishin e Britanisë së Madhe që qëndron tek 4.8%. Kjo shpjegon edhe numrin më të madh të imigrantëve të huaj në Angli në krahasim me Francën apo Gjermaninë këto vitet e fundit. Këto kampe ishin më të dukshme edhe gjatë përplasjes së Francës dhe Gjermanisë me SHBA dhe Britaninë e Madhe para luftës së Irakut. Këtu kemi të bëjmë me Antanticistë si Britania e Madhe apo vendet e lindjes dhe në Anti-Antanticistë sic janë &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;, Gjermania apo edhe Greqia. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 4.05pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;Prandaj edhe Shqiptarët duhet të mendohen mirë kur dëgjojnë këngët e politikanëve në Tiranë rreth integrimit Evropian. Drejt cilës Evropë duam të shkojmë ne, dhe a na mirëpret Evropa e qytetarëve të traumatizuar nga zgjerimi aktual i BE? Të gjitha arsyet e Francezëve dhe Hollandezëve që votuan ‘JO’ ndikojnë ashpër mbi të ardhmen e Shqipërisë në BE. Efikasiteti i BE, shkurtimi i burokracisë në Bruksel, liberalizimi i mëtejshëm i tregut të lirë dhe mbi të gjitha zgjerimi i ardhshëm, janë pika me interes vital për Shqipërinë. Këto do të siguronin një zë më të qartë të Shqipërisë në korridoret e BE dhe një lëvizje më të lire të prodhimeve shqiptare në tregun Evropian. Pavarësisht nga deklaratat boshe të zyrtarëve si Solana apo Salzman, realiteti mbetet i trishtë. Tashmë, çdo hyrje e re në BE do të kërkojë referendume të reja në vende kyçe si &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; dhe jo aprovime nga zyrtarë të Brukselit. Dhe kur Francezët shqetësohen për Polakët apo Çekët, nuk vihet në dyshim se si do të reagojnë ata ndaj Rumanisë, Bullgarisë apo vendeve të Ballkanit, përfshi këtu edhe Shqipërinë. Çfarë po ndodh sot në Evropë nuk do të ndikojë favorshëm ndaj liberalizimit të vizave për shqiptarët apo ndaj hapjes së hapsirës qiellore për kompanitë ajrore si RyanAir apo EasyJet që kërkojnë të ofrojnë fluturime me çmime të ulta drejt Shqipërisë. Çoroditja Evropiane e shkaktuar nga &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; dhe Hollanda kërkon një zgjim të Shqiptarëve për t’u ballafaquar me realitetin dhe jo me përrallat e Brukselit. Bashkimi Evropian, siç shprehej edhe revista e mirënjohur The Economist, është bërë si Festivali Evropian i Këngës, ku vendet themeluese e kanë humbur interesin ndërsa vendet e lindjes kanë marrë stafetën e fitimit të trofeve iluzioniste. Pra cinizmi perëndimor ballafaqohet me entuziazmin lindor. Ky është një moment historik ku çdo vend, ashtu sic bëri edhe &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Franca&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; apo Hollanda duhet të ecë përpara nëpërmjet zhvillimeve të brendshme ekonomike dhe jo thjesht integrimit formal në disa struktura burokratike. Sot, shprehja e famshme e presidentit amerikan Bill Klinton “It’s the economy, stupid” (ekonomia është gjithçka, o i çmendur) mbetet më realiste se kurrë për të gjithë Evropën, si brenda ashtu edhe jashtë BTE, Bashkimit të Thyer Evropian . . . &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -14.65pt 0.0001pt 18.7pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -14.65pt 0.0001pt 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt;&lt;font&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/27492697-114669608282112225?l=ralfgjoni.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/feeds/114669608282112225/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=27492697&amp;postID=114669608282112225' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114669608282112225'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/27492697/posts/default/114669608282112225'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ralfgjoni.blogspot.com/2006/05/shkelqimi-dhe-rnia-e-kusht_114669608282112225.html' title='SHKELQIMI DHE RËNIA E KUSHTETUTËS EVROPIANE'/><author><name>Ralf Gjoni</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00755635281595751918</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
